Busayi Rodgers Mlambo
Hist Med Vet. 2006;31(3):76-83.
Livestock farming was going on in the then Southern Rhodesia, before the advent of colonization in 1890. However, history of conventional veterinary medicine dates back only to the arrival of the Pioneer Column, 115 years ago. At that time, veterinary infrastructure and staffing was poor relative to size of the country, in terms of livestock census. Despite that, few veterinarians on the ground managed to eradicate rinderpest (RD), rabies for 37 years, contagious bovine pleuropneumonia (CBPP), glanders, epizootic lymphangitis, East coast fever (ECF) and contagious epivaginitis. However, the 1964-1979 war of liberation (WOL), also dubbed Second Chimurenga, disrupted, among other things, gains that had been made in veterinary medicine thus far. After independence, this drawback was addressed head-on. The 1980-1990 era was approached on a note of optimism and enthusiasm to uphold high standard set by professional predecessors. The aim was to learn from previous mistakes, shift emphasis from primary animal health care to herd health and production management. By necessity the livestock policy, and indeed, the Animal Health Act, should be reviewed in the wake of the fast-track land acquisition and resettlement drive, "War on Land" also referred to as Third Chimurenga. This paper traces the history of veterinary medicine in Zimbabwe from the 1950s.
1890年殖民统治到来之前，当时的南罗德西亚就已经存在畜牧业。然而，传统兽医学的历史仅可追溯到115年前先锋纵队的到来。那时，就牲畜普查而言，相对于国家的规模，兽医基础设施和人员配备较差。尽管如此，少数实地兽医成功根除了牛瘟、长达37年未出现狂犬病、牛传染性胸膜肺炎、鼻疽、流行性淋巴管炎、东海岸热和传染性阴道炎。然而，1964年至1979年的解放战争，也被称为第二次解放战争，除其他外，扰乱了迄今为止在兽医学方面取得的成果。独立后，这一缺陷得到了直接解决。1980年至1990年的时代是以乐观和热情的态度开启的，旨在维持专业前辈设定的高标准。目标是从以前的错误中吸取教训，将重点从初级动物保健转向畜群健康和生产管理。由于快速土地收购和重新安置运动，即“土地战争”（也称为第三次解放战争），有必要对畜牧政策以及《动物健康法》进行审查。本文追溯了津巴布韦自20世纪50年代以来的兽医学历史。
