Isaguliants M G, Ozeretskovskaia N N, Znoĭko O O, Tsyganova E V
Vopr Virusol. 2008 Mar-Apr;53(2):4-9.
The condition of the host at the moment of infection is that its immune competence largely determines the efficiency, kinetics, and profile (Thl/Th2) of a further specific immunity response and, accordingly, the outcome of penetration of hepatitis C virus (HCV) into the body and subsequent acute infection (if it occurs). The parameters determining immune competence may include age, traumatizing exposures (operations, burns, wounds, and fractures), immunosuppressive therapy, stresses, con-infections, and alcohol use. The highest rates of spontaneous convalescence from HCV infection are observed in children and adolescents. Other human conditions are much shorter, transient; their impact is difficult to determine in the retrospective review and therefore it has not been adequately studied. Previous operations, posttransplantation immune suppression, immune modulation after blood transfusion, alcohol-induced immune imbalance, drug and narcotic intoxication are poor predictors. Immunosuppression and immune imbalance caused by viral and parasitic infections are observed among the host's temporary conditions affecting the outcome of HCV infection. The authors have analyzed the sequels of superinfections in patients with chronic hepatitis C, other hepatotropic viruses and the common liver fluke Schistosoma mansoni. The interesting therapeutic activities against HCV and parasitic infection (contamination with Echinococcus granulosus in particular), which are shown in the treatment of co-infection patients with alpha-interferon preparations that ensure normalization of immune deficiency caused by each of the infections and their increased combination. A deeper insight into the correlation between the condition of the host and its ability to eliminate the virus may be one more step on the road to the prevention of the infection and to the designing an effective vaccine against HCV.
宿主在感染时的状况是，其免疫能力在很大程度上决定了进一步特异性免疫反应的效率、动力学和特征（Th1/Th2），因此也决定了丙型肝炎病毒（HCV）侵入人体及随后发生急性感染（如果发生的话）的结果。决定免疫能力的参数可能包括年龄、创伤性暴露（手术、烧伤、伤口和骨折）、免疫抑制治疗、压力、合并感染和饮酒。HCV感染自发康复率最高的是儿童和青少年。其他人体状况持续时间短、呈一过性；在回顾性研究中难以确定其影响，因此尚未得到充分研究。既往手术、移植后免疫抑制、输血后的免疫调节、酒精引起的免疫失衡、药物和麻醉品中毒都不是很好的预测指标。病毒和寄生虫感染引起的免疫抑制和免疫失衡是影响HCV感染结果的宿主临时状况之一。作者分析了慢性丙型肝炎患者、其他嗜肝病毒以及曼氏血吸虫这种常见肝吸虫重叠感染的后果。在合并感染患者的治疗中，使用α干扰素制剂显示出针对HCV和寄生虫感染（特别是细粒棘球绦虫感染）的有趣治疗活性，这些制剂可确保每种感染引起的免疫缺陷恢复正常，并增强它们的联合作用。更深入了解宿主状况与其清除病毒能力之间的相关性，可能是在预防感染和设计有效抗HCV疫苗道路上迈出的又一步。
