Alessi-Severini Silvia, Biscontri Robert G, Collins David M, Kozyrskyj Anita, Sareen Jitender, Enns Murray W
Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Manitoba, Fort Garry Campus, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada.
Psychiatr Serv. 2008 May;59(5):547-53. doi: 10.1176/ps.2008.59.5.547.
This study evaluated the prescribing patterns and costs for antipsychotic agents in the population of the Canadian province of Manitoba over the past decade.
A population-based study of antipsychotic utilization and costs was conducted on data collected from the administrative databases of the Manitoba Population Health Data Repository and the Statistics Canada census between index years 1996 and 2006 (April 1, 1995, through March 31, 2006).
The total annual number of antipsychotic prescriptions dispensed in Manitoba increased by 227% between 1996 and 2006, and the prevalence of antipsychotic users increased by 62% over the same time interval. The fastest-growing segment of antipsychotic users in Manitoba appears to be young males, who increased from .16% in 1996 to .88% in 2006. The highest numbers of prescriptions were reported for schizophrenia, dementia, and conduct disorder. Annual expenditures for antipsychotics increased from $1.7 million in 1996 to $22.0 million in 2006 (expenditures are in Canadian dollars). The cost of second-generation agents reached 80% of total antipsychotic expenditures in 2006; risperidone was the most prescribed agent in all age groups of patients. The per-patient annual cost of antipsychotic pharmacotherapy increased by approximately 680% between 1996 and 2006 in Manitoba.
The number of antipsychotic prescriptions and the prevalence of users of antipsychotic medications increased significantly in Manitoba over the study period, despite a steady-state population of approximately 1.2 million. Incremental costs relative to the use of antipsychotic medications can be explained by the market penetration of the second-generation agents and their expanded use in the treatment of various diagnoses.
本研究评估了加拿大曼尼托巴省过去十年中抗精神病药物的处方模式及费用情况。
基于曼尼托巴省人口健康数据仓库的行政数据库以及加拿大统计局1996年至2006年（1995年4月1日至2006年3月31日）的人口普查所收集的数据，开展了一项关于抗精神病药物使用情况及费用的人群研究。
1996年至2006年间，曼尼托巴省每年开具的抗精神病药物处方总数增长了227%，同一时期抗精神病药物使用者的患病率增长了62%。曼尼托巴省抗精神病药物使用者中增长最快的群体似乎是年轻男性，其比例从1996年的0.16%增至2006年的0.88%。开具处方数量最多的疾病为精神分裂症、痴呆症和品行障碍。抗精神病药物的年度支出从1996年的170万加元增至2006年的2200万加元（支出以加元计）。2006年，第二代药物的费用占抗精神病药物总支出的80%；在所有年龄段患者中，利培酮是处方量最多的药物。1996年至2006年间，曼尼托巴省每位患者抗精神病药物治疗的年度费用增长了约680%。
在研究期间，尽管曼尼托巴省人口稳定在约120万，但抗精神病药物的处方数量及使用者患病率显著增加。与使用抗精神病药物相关的成本增加可归因于第二代药物的市场渗透率及其在各种诊断治疗中的广泛应用。
