Jedrychowski W, Maugeri U, Jedrychowska-Bianchi I
Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, University Medical School, Cracow, Poland.
G Ital Med Lav. 1991 Jan-Nov;13(1-6):27-33.
Exposure assessment is an integral and essential component of occupational epidemiology necessary for risk assessment, risk management as well as for diagnostic and intervention efforts. It is a multidisciplinary approach that usually requires the combined expertise of environmental and industrial hygienists, toxicologists, epidemiologists, physicians, social scientists and statisticians. Exposure-assessment methodology employs various direct and indirect techniques, including environmental measurements, personal monitoring, biological markers, questionnaires, and mathematical modelling. Exposure assessments for occupational environment must be considered in the framework of potential contributions from other media and adding the incremental exposure from other media when necessary. Furthermore, to achieve effective risk assessment, all media and routes of exposure must be assessed for the relative magnitude of their contributions before an assessment of one medium is conducted. In the paper the concept of total human exposure assessment is introduced and measurement approaches have been discussed focusing attention on environmental research surveys.
暴露评估是职业流行病学不可或缺的重要组成部分，对于风险评估、风险管理以及诊断和干预工作而言都是必要的。它是一种多学科方法，通常需要环境和工业卫生学家、毒理学家、流行病学家、医生、社会科学家和统计学家的综合专业知识。暴露评估方法采用各种直接和间接技术，包括环境测量、个人监测、生物标志物、问卷调查和数学建模。职业环境的暴露评估必须在考虑其他介质潜在贡献的框架内进行，并在必要时加上其他介质的增量暴露。此外，为了实现有效的风险评估，在对一种介质进行评估之前，必须评估所有介质和暴露途径的相对贡献程度。本文介绍了总人类暴露评估的概念，并讨论了测量方法，重点关注环境研究调查。
