Lee Jungwoo, Cuddihy Meghan J, Kotov Nicholas A
Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA.
Tissue Eng Part B Rev. 2008 Mar;14(1):61-86. doi: 10.1089/teb.2007.0150.
Traditional methods of cell growth and manipulation on 2-dimensional (2D) surfaces have been shown to be insufficient for new challenges of cell biology and biochemistry, as well as in pharmaceutical assays. Advances in materials chemistry, materials fabrication and processing technologies, and developmental biology have led to the design of 3D cell culture matrices that better represent the geometry, chemistry, and signaling environment of natural extracellular matrix. In this review, we present the status of state-of-the-art 3D cell-growth techniques and scaffolds and analyze them from the perspective of materials properties, manufacturing, and functionality. Particular emphasis was placed on tissue engineering and in vitro modeling of human organs, where we see exceptionally strong potential for 3D scaffolds and cell-growth methods. We also outline key challenges in this field and most likely directions for future development of 3D cell culture over the period of 5-10 years.
二维（2D）表面上传统的细胞生长和操作方法已被证明不足以应对细胞生物学和生物化学的新挑战以及药物检测中的挑战。材料化学、材料制造与加工技术以及发育生物学的进展促使人们设计出三维（3D）细胞培养基质，这种基质能更好地体现天然细胞外基质的几何结构、化学性质和信号环境。在本综述中，我们介绍了最先进的3D细胞生长技术和支架的现状，并从材料特性、制造工艺和功能的角度对它们进行分析。特别强调了组织工程和人体器官的体外建模，我们认为3D支架和细胞生长方法在这些方面具有巨大潜力。我们还概述了该领域的关键挑战以及未来5至10年3D细胞培养最有可能的发展方向。
