Shelton A M, Plate J, Chen M
Department of Entomology, New York State Agricultural Experiment Station, Cornell University, 630 W. North Street, Geneva, NY 14456, USA.
J Econ Entomol. 2008 Apr;101(2):438-43. doi: 10.1603/0022-0493(2008)101[438:aicoot]2.0.co;2.
Onion thrips, Thrips tabaci Lindeman (Thysanoptera: Thripidae), feeding injury results in discoloration and a rough texture on cabbage, Brassica oleracea capitata (L.), leaves, and damage may occur deep inside the head. It has become a key pest of cabbage in the United States and many other countries. Previous studies have indicated poor control using insecticides. The present study identified imidacloprid drenches and sprays of acetamiprid, dimethoate, spinosad, and imidacloprid as insecticides that performed better than the industry standard, lambda-cyhalothrin. However, additional tests with foliar sprays of dimethoate and acetamiprid indicated there was not an ideal crop stage (precupping, cupping, or postcupping) at which either insecticide could be applied for reliable control of T. tabaci, possibly because of multiple flights of thrips into the crop or the asynchrony of flights and susceptible crop stages. In tests in a commercial field, a soil drench of imidacloprid 4 wk after transplanting reduced the number of damaged leaves in the head by 32%, whereas five sprays of acetamiprid reduced damage by 51%. Combining both insecticide regimes reduced damage by 85%, but resulted in a very costly management program. Cabbage varieties varied considerably in susceptibility with some having negligible thrips injury, regardless of being treated with an insecticide. Planting date affected susceptibility of cabbage to some degree, but not as much as other tactics. Overall, these studies indicate that increased emphasis should be placed on breeding cabbages to be resistant to T. tabaci as the foundation for its management.
葱蓟马，西花蓟马（缨翅目：蓟马科），其取食造成甘蓝（Brassica oleracea capitata (L.)）叶片变色和质地粗糙，且可能对头状叶内部造成损害。它已成为美国和许多其他国家甘蓝的主要害虫。先前的研究表明使用杀虫剂防治效果不佳。本研究确定吡虫啉灌根以及啶虫脒、乐果、多杀菌素和吡虫啉喷雾作为杀虫剂，其效果优于行业标准氯氟氰菊酯。然而，乐果和啶虫脒叶面喷雾的额外试验表明，没有一个理想的作物生长阶段（团棵前期、团棵期或团棵后期）可以施用这两种杀虫剂来可靠地防治西花蓟马，这可能是因为蓟马多次飞入作物田，或者是飞行时间与易感作物生长阶段不同步。在商业田试验中，移栽后4周进行吡虫啉土壤灌根，使头状叶中受损叶片数量减少32%，而五次啶虫脒喷雾使损害减少51%。两种杀虫剂方案结合使用使损害减少85%，但导致管理成本非常高。甘蓝品种的易感性差异很大，有些品种无论是否使用杀虫剂，蓟马造成的损害都可以忽略不计。种植日期在一定程度上影响甘蓝的易感性，但不如其他策略影响大。总体而言，这些研究表明，应更加重视培育抗西花蓟马的甘蓝品种，以此作为其防治的基础。
