Development of a strain-specific genomic marker for monitoring a Bacillus subtilis biocontrol strain in the rhizosphere of tomato.

A strain-specific molecular marker enabling the detection and tracking of the biological control agent Bacillus subtilis 101, when released into the environment, was developed. Random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) technique was used to differentiate this from other B. subtilis strains. A differentially amplified fragment obtained from RAPD profiles was sequenced and characterized as sequence-characterized amplified region (SCAR) marker, and four primer pairs were designed and evaluated for their specificity towards this strain. The sensibility of the selected SCAR primer pair was evaluated by qualitative PCR and Southern blotting, and the detection limit was assessed around 10(2) CFU (g dry wt soil)(-1), thus providing a reliable tool for the traceability of this B. subtilis strain in greenhouse or field trials. A plating assay coupled to PCR with the SCAR primer pair was then used as a detection method in microcosm experiments for monitoring the population of B. subtilis 101 in the rhizosphere of tomato, grown under two different soil conditions, i.e. nonsterile peat-based substrate and sandy-loam agricultural soil, respectively. The data of rhizosphere colonization indicated that the soil conditions significantly affected the rhizosphere establishment of strain 101.