Finkelhor David, Ormrod Richard K, Turner Heather A
University of New Hampshire, USA.
J Interpers Violence. 2009 May;24(5):711-31. doi: 10.1177/0886260508317185. Epub 2008 May 8.
This article examines developmental trends in the rates of different kinds of victimization across the span of childhood. The Developmental Victimization Survey was a national telephone survey of the victimization experiences of 2,030 children from ages 2 to 17. The overall mean number of victimizations during a single year increased with age, as did the percentage of children with polyvictimizations (4 or more different kinds of victimization). However, some specific types of victimization, physical bullying and sibling assaults, were highest prior to adolescence and then declined. Other types had different developmental patterns by gender. Peer assaults increased in adolescence for boys but not for girls. Child maltreatment and sexual victimization increased in adolescence for girls but not for boys. The complex and diverse patterns of developmental vulnerability to different kinds of victimization at different ages need more exploration and explanation in order to better target prevention and intervention policies.
本文考察了儿童期不同类型受害率的发展趋势。发展性受害情况调查是一项针对2030名2至17岁儿童受害经历的全国性电话调查。单年受害的总体平均次数随年龄增长而增加,多重受害(4种或更多不同类型的受害)儿童的比例也是如此。然而,一些特定类型的受害,如身体欺凌和同胞攻击,在青春期前最高,然后下降。其他类型的受害在性别上有不同的发展模式。同伴攻击在青春期男孩中增加,而女孩中没有。儿童虐待和性受害在青春期女孩中增加,而男孩中没有。不同年龄对不同类型受害的发展易感性的复杂多样模式需要更多的探索和解释,以便更好地制定预防和干预政策。
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