The prevalence of and potential risk factors for female urinary incontinence in Beijing, China.

OBJECTIVES

To survey and evaluate the prevalence and potential risk factors of female urinary incontinence (UI) in Beijing, China.

DESIGN

A population-based cross-sectional study was performed from April to July 2005. We randomly sampled 1.0% of female residents aged 20 years and older from year 2000 national census data, totaling 5,300 women. All of the women were interviewed face to face using a modified questionnaire based on the International Consultation on Incontinence Questionnaire-Female Lower Urinary Tract Symptoms. Data were collected and analyzed.

RESULTS

The overall prevalence of female UI was 38.5%. Prevalence rates of female stress urinary incontinence (SUI), female urge urinary incontinence, and female mixed urinary incontinence were 22.9%, 2.8%, and 12.4%, respectively. The prevalence rate of female UI was more than 50% in postmenopausal women. In multiple logistic models, multiple vaginal deliveries (odds ratio [OR]=2.1; 95% CI: 1.443-3.179), age (OR=1.7; 95% CI: 1.039-2.742), postmenopausal status (OR=1.5; 95% CI: 1.182-1.983), chronic pelvic pain (OR=1.4; 95% CI: 1.134-1.814), obesity (OR=1.4; 95% CI: 1.205-1.721), lack of exercise (OR=1.3; 95% CI: 1.105-1.509), constipation (OR=1.3; 95% CI: 1.109-1.586), and hypertension (OR=1.2; 95% CI: 1.053-1.474) were identified as potential risk factors of female SUI. No association between female SUI and offspring birth weight, occupation, or chronic diseases was observed in this study. Only 12.8% of women with UI and 7.4% of women with SUI seek medical help.

CONCLUSIONS

UI is a major disorder that affects female quality of life. The prevalence of female UI is high (38.5%) in Beijing. Among the different types of UI, SUI was the most prevalent (22.9%). Potential risk factors identified for female SUI were multiple vaginal deliveries, age, postmenopausal status, chronic pelvic pain, obesity, lack of exercise, constipation, and hypertension.