Boyer Pascal
Department of Psychology and Anthropology, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63130, USA.
Trends Cogn Sci. 2008 Jun;12(6):219-24. doi: 10.1016/j.tics.2008.03.003. Epub 2008 May 28.
What is the function of our capacity for 'mental time travel'? Evolutionary considerations suggest that vivid memory and imaginative foresight may be crucial cognitive devices for human decision making. Our emotional engagement with past or future events gives them great motivational force, which may counter a natural tendency towards time discounting and impulsive, opportunistic behavior. In this view, whereas simple episodic memory provides us with a store of relevant, case-based information to guide decisions, mental time travel nudges us towards more restrained choices, which in the long term are advantageous, especially so given human dependence on cooperation and coordination.
我们的“心理时间旅行”能力有什么作用?从进化的角度来看,生动的记忆和富有想象力的预见可能是人类决策的关键认知手段。我们对过去或未来事件的情感投入赋予它们巨大的动力,这可能会抵消时间贴现以及冲动、机会主义行为的自然倾向。按照这种观点,虽然简单的情景记忆为我们提供了一系列相关的、基于实例的信息来指导决策,但心理时间旅行促使我们做出更克制的选择,从长远来看,这些选择是有利的,尤其是考虑到人类对合作与协调的依赖。