Genome. 1995 Feb;38(1):8-16. doi: 10.1139/g95-002.
In order to counteract the effects of the mutant genes in races of leaf rust (Puccinia recondita f.sp. tritici Rob. ex Desm.) and stem rust (P. graminis f.sp. tritici Eriks. &Henn.) in wheat, exploration of new resistance genes in wheat relatives is necessary. Three accessions of Triticum cylindricum Ces. (4x, CCDD), Acy1, Acy9, and Acy11, were tested with 10 races each of leaf rust and stem rust. They were resistant to all races tested. Viable F1 plants were produced from the crosses of the T. cylindricum accessions as males with susceptible MP and Chinese Spring ph1b hexaploid wheats (T. aestivum, 6x, AABBDD), but not with susceptible Kubanka durum wheat (T. turgidum var. durum, 4x, AABB), even with embryo rescue. In these crosses the D genome of hexaploid wheat may play a critical role in eliminating the barriers for species isolation during hybrid seed development. The T. cylindricum rust resistance was expressed in the F1 hybrids with hexaploid wheat. However, only the cross MP/Acy1 was successfully backcrossed to another susceptible hexaploid wheat, LMPG-6. In the BC2F2 of the cross MP/Acy1//LMPG-6/3/MP, monosomic or disomic addition lines with resistance to either leaf rust race 15 (infection types (IT) 1=, 1, or 1+; addition line 1) or stem rust race 15B-1 (IT 1 or 1+; addition line 2) were selected. Rust tests and examination of chromosome pairing of the F1 hybrids and the progeny of the disomic addition lines confirmed that the genes for rust resistance were located on the added T. cylindricum C-genome chromosomes rather than on the D-genome chromosomes. The T. cylindricum chromosome in addition line 2 was determined to be chromosome 4C through the detection of RFLPs among the genomes using a set of homoeologous group-specific wheat cDNA probes. Addition line 1 was resistant to the 10 races of leaf rust and addition line 2 was resistant to the 10 races of stem rust, as was the T. cylindricum parent. The added C-genome chromosomes occasionally paired with hexaploid wheat chromosomes. Translocation lines with rust resistance (2n = 21 II) may be obtained in the self-pollinated progeny of the addition lines through spontaneous recombination of the C-genome chromosomes and wheat chromosomes. Such translocation lines with resistance against a wide spectrum of rust races should be potentially valuable in breeding wheat for rust resistance.
为了抵御小麦叶锈病（Puccinia recondita f.sp. tritici Rob. ex Desm.）和秆锈病（P. graminis f.sp. tritici Eriks. &Henn.）的突变基因的影响，有必要在小麦近缘种中探索新的抗性基因。用 10 个叶锈病和秆锈病的菌系对 3 个普通小麦圆柱偃麦草（Triticum cylindricum Ces.）（4x，CCDD）品系 Acy1、Acy9 和 Acy11 进行了测试，它们对所有测试的菌系均表现出抗性。通过将圆柱偃麦草品系作为雄性与感病的普通小麦 MP 和中国春 1B 型六倍体小麦（T. aestivum，6x，AABBDD）杂交，产生了有活力的 F1 代植株，但与感病的库尔班克硬粒小麦（T. turgidum var. durum，4x，AABB）则不能杂交，即使使用胚拯救法也不行。在这些杂交中，六倍体小麦的 D 基因组可能在杂种种子发育过程中消除了物种隔离的障碍。圆柱偃麦草的锈病抗性在与六倍体小麦的 F1 杂种中得到表达。然而，只有 MP/Acy1 的杂交成功回交到另一个感病的六倍体小麦 LMPG-6 中。在 MP/Acy1//LMPG-6/3/MP 的杂交后代 BC2F2 中，选择到了对叶锈病 15 号菌系（感染型（IT）1=、1、或 1+；添加系 1）或秆锈病 15B-1 号菌系（IT 1 或 1+；添加系 2）有抗性的单或双附加系。锈病测试和 F1 杂种及其双元附加系后代的染色体配对检查证实，锈病抗性基因位于添加的圆柱偃麦草 C 基因组染色体上，而不是 D 基因组染色体上。通过使用一组同源群特异的小麦 cDNA 探针在基因组之间检测 RFLPs，确定附加系 2 中的圆柱偃麦草染色体为 4C 染色体。添加系 1 对 10 个叶锈病菌系具有抗性，添加系 2 对 10 个秆锈病菌系具有抗性，其亲本圆柱偃麦草也是如此。添加的 C 基因组染色体偶尔与六倍体小麦染色体配对。通过附加系的自交后代中 C 基因组染色体和小麦染色体的自发重组，可能获得具有锈病抗性的易位系（2n = 21 II）。这种具有广谱锈病抗性的易位系在小麦锈病抗性育种中应该具有潜在的价值。
