Kundu Manik Chandra, Mandal Biswapati
Directorate of Research, Bidhan Chandra Krishi Viswavidyalaya, Kalyani, 741 235, West Bengal, India.
Environ Monit Assess. 2009 May;152(1-4):97-103. doi: 10.1007/s10661-008-0299-1. Epub 2008 May 17.
We assessed the potential of fluoride (F) contamination in drinking groundwater of an intensively cultivated district in India as a function of its lithology and agricultural activities. Three hundred and eight groundwater samples were collected at different depths from various types of wells and analyzed for pH, EC, NO(3)-N load and F content. A typical litholog was constructed and database on fertilizer and pesticide uses were also recorded for the district. The water samples were almost neutral in reaction and non-saline in nature with low NO(3)-N content (0.02 to 4.56 microg mL(-1)). Fluoride content in water was also low (0.01 to 1.18 microg mL(-1)) with only 2.27% of them exceeding 1.0 microg mL(-1) posing a potential threat of fluorosis. On average, its content varied little spatially and along depth of sampling aquifers because of homogeneity in lithology of the district. The F content in these samples showed a significant positive correlation (r = 0.12, P < or = 0.05) with the amount of phosphatic fertilizer (single super phosphate) used for agriculture but no such relation either with the anthropogenic activities of pesticide use or NO(3)-N content, pH and EC values of the samples was found. The results suggest that the use of phosphatic fertilizer may have some role to play in F enrichment of groundwater.
我们评估了印度一个集约化种植区饮用地下水中氟化物（F）污染的可能性，该可能性是其岩性和农业活动的函数。从各类水井的不同深度采集了308个地下水样本，并分析了其pH值、电导率（EC）、硝酸根氮负荷和氟含量。构建了典型的岩性柱状图，并记录了该地区化肥和农药使用的数据库。水样的反应几乎呈中性，性质为非咸水，硝酸根氮含量较低（0.02至4.56微克/毫升）。水中氟含量也较低（0.01至1.18微克/毫升），只有2.27%的水样超过1.0微克/毫升，构成了氟中毒的潜在威胁。由于该地区岩性的均匀性，其含量在空间上和沿采样含水层深度的变化很小。这些样本中的氟含量与农业使用的磷肥（过磷酸钙）量呈显著正相关（r = 0.12，P≤0.05），但未发现与农药使用的人为活动或样本的硝酸根氮含量、pH值和电导率值有此类关系。结果表明，磷肥的使用可能在地下水中氟的富集过程中起到一定作用。
