Jakobsson Annika, Hensing Gunnel, Spak Fredrik
Department of Social Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy at Göteborg University, Göteborg, Sweden.
Scand J Caring Sci. 2008 Jun;22(2):196-202. doi: 10.1111/j.1471-6712.2007.00513.x.
The aim of this study was to explore the inducements for treatment-seeking for alcohol problems in women and men. Specifically we wanted to identify what promoted or hindered treatment-seeking in women and men, respectively, and to what extent femininity and masculinity was reflected in the context of treatment seeking. Data was obtained from open interviews with five women and seven men within a month after their first entry into alcohol treatment. A content analysis was performed using gender as the sorting factor. Promoting factors for treatment seeking in men were characterized by belief in their own capability, and looking to the future; whereas the women placed importance on pressure from someone significant, and sharing the problem with others. Hindrances for both women and men were feelings of shame and the significant role alcohol had in their lives. The women perceived alcohol problems as incompatible with femininity, and this made them avoid talking openly about their problems, which hence hindered treatment seeking. These findings showed that the value of alcohol as a gendered symbol still exists, which could be perceptible in promoting and hindering factors for treatment seeking in women and men. These factors could be useful to consider by professionals both in the primary healthcare system and in the social services. Future research should address treatment seeking in relation to both cultural and gendered constructions and their influence on the perceptions and behaviour of women and men with alcohol problems.
本研究的目的是探讨男性和女性寻求酒精问题治疗的诱因。具体而言，我们希望分别确定促进或阻碍男性和女性寻求治疗的因素，以及在寻求治疗的背景下，女性气质和男性气质在多大程度上有所体现。数据来自对五名女性和七名男性在首次接受酒精治疗后一个月内进行的开放式访谈。使用性别作为分类因素进行了内容分析。男性寻求治疗的促进因素的特点是相信自己的能力和展望未来；而女性则重视重要人物的压力以及与他人分享问题。女性和男性寻求治疗的阻碍都是羞耻感以及酒精在他们生活中所起的重要作用。女性认为酒精问题与女性气质不相容，这使得她们避免公开谈论自己的问题，从而阻碍了寻求治疗。这些发现表明，酒精作为一种性别化象征的价值仍然存在，这在促进和阻碍男性和女性寻求治疗的因素中都可以察觉到。这些因素可供初级医疗保健系统和社会服务领域的专业人员参考。未来的研究应该探讨与文化和性别建构相关的寻求治疗行为，以及它们对有酒精问题的男性和女性的认知和行为的影响。
