[The role of sentinel lymph node biopsy in the diagnosis and prognosis of malignant melanoma].

Sentinel lymph node biopsy was introduced into the management of cancer patients 20 years ago. Most hospitals now currently use the technique as a routine diagnostic tool in patients with localized malignant melanoma. However, the technique is complex and numerous details need to be determined and assessed to provide reliable diagnostic and prognostic information. In addition, the introduction of immunohistochemical and molecular techniques in the last decade has extended the information provided by the study of sentinel lymph nodes and created valuable opportunities for investigating the pathogenesis of this type of cancer. The aim of this review is to offer the reader a detailed analysis of the most important studies in the literature and the factors that should currently be considered in determining the indication for sentinel lymph node biopsy, performing the procedure correctly, and interpreting the findings in patients with malignant melanoma.