H5N1 influenza marker vaccine for serological differentiation between vaccinated and infected chickens.

Using plasmid-based reverse genetics, we generated a molecularly altered virus, H5N1/PR8-5B19, containing modified HA and NA genes from A/Goose/Guangdong/1/96 (GS/GD/1/96). In the H5N1/PR8-5B19 virus, the HA cleavage site was modified to resemble that of low-pathogenic avian strains and a portion of the NA stalk region was replaced by the immunodominant 5B19 epitope of the S2 glycoprotein of murine hepatitis virus (MHV). H5N1/PR8-5B19 is not lethal to embryonated eggs or chickens. Chickens immunized with the H5N1/PR8-5B19 inactivated vaccine produced high levels of HI antibody and a measurable antibody response against the MHV 5B19 epitope, and were fully protected against subsequent challenge with different highly pathogenic H5N1 avian influenza viruses. H5N1/PR8-5B19 is therefore an attractive marker vaccine candidate, eliciting a strong, protective antibody response and enabling serological discrimination between vaccinated and wild-type virus-infected chickens.