Puscheck Elizabeth E, Cohen Leeber
Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Division of Reproductive Endocrine and Infertility, Wayne State University Medical School, Detroit, Michigan 48201, USA.
Semin Reprod Med. 2008 May;26(3):223-31. doi: 10.1055/s-2008-1076141.
Congenital uterine anomalies in women often do not cause any symptoms, except when there is an obstruction of the uterine outflow tract, which occurs infrequently. Patients with congenital uterine anomalies often go undetected or are only discovered incidentally during an evaluation for something else. Consequently, it is difficult to determine the prevalence of congenital uterine anomalies in the general population, and it appears more frequently in certain populations, namely in those with recurrent pregnancy loss or infertility. This paper will review the pathogenesis of congenital uterine anomalies and the standard classification for these anomalies. We will focus on ultrasound and other diagnostic modalities (hysterosalpingogram, laparoscopy with hysteroscopy, and magnetic resonance imaging). We will compare the accuracy and differences between these diagnostic techniques. With the development of three-dimensional ultrasound, the diagnosis of congenital uterine anomalies can be made accurately, effectively, and with less invasiveness than with other procedures. We will briefly review the treatments and pregnancy outcomes in these different anomalies.
女性先天性子宫异常通常不会引起任何症状，除非子宫流出道梗阻，但这种情况很少发生。先天性子宫异常患者常常未被发现，或者仅在因其他原因进行评估时偶然被发现。因此，很难确定一般人群中先天性子宫异常的患病率，并且在某些人群中更为常见，即反复流产或不孕的人群。本文将综述先天性子宫异常的发病机制以及这些异常的标准分类。我们将重点关注超声及其他诊断方法（子宫输卵管造影、腹腔镜联合宫腔镜检查和磁共振成像）。我们将比较这些诊断技术的准确性和差异。随着三维超声的发展，先天性子宫异常的诊断可以比其他检查更准确、有效且侵入性更小。我们将简要回顾这些不同异常情况的治疗方法及妊娠结局。
