Shwayder James M
University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, Kentucky 40202, USA.
Semin Reprod Med. 2008 May;26(3):252-65. doi: 10.1055/s-2008-1076144.
Pelvic pain, acute or chronic, accounts for more than 10% of referrals to gynecologists. Pain accounts for more than 40% of gynecologic diagnostic laparoscopies. Predicting operative findings is critical in planning surgical interventions, as well as preoperative and postoperative medical therapy. Ultrasound is useful in preoperative evaluation and in predicting surgical findings. This section reviews the use of various ultrasound modalities in evaluating adnexal masses and associated pelvic pain. Morphologic assessment with two-dimensional (2-D) ultrasound is the foundation for adnexal evaluation. The ultrasound morphology of common ovarian and adnexal masses is reviewed. The application and reliability of Doppler assessment is also reviewed. New advances, such as three-dimensional (3-D) sonography, 3-D vascular assessment, and contrast imaging, augment diagnostic accuracy. These advances may find future application in the clinical evaluation of patients. This section reviews the application of 2-D morphology, Doppler analysis, 3-D morphology, rendering and vascular assessment, and the use of contrast agents in the ultrasound evaluation of patients with adnexal masses and pelvic pain.
急慢性盆腔疼痛占妇科转诊病例的10%以上。疼痛占妇科诊断性腹腔镜检查病例的40%以上。预测手术结果对于规划手术干预以及术前和术后药物治疗至关重要。超声在术前评估和预测手术结果方面很有用。本节回顾了各种超声检查方法在评估附件包块及相关盆腔疼痛中的应用。二维（2-D）超声的形态学评估是附件评估的基础。文中回顾了常见卵巢及附件包块的超声形态。还回顾了多普勒评估的应用及可靠性。三维（3-D）超声、3-D血管评估和造影成像等新进展提高了诊断准确性。这些进展可能在未来患者的临床评估中得到应用。本节回顾了二维形态学、多普勒分析、三维形态学、重建和血管评估以及造影剂在附件包块和盆腔疼痛患者超声评估中的应用。
