Kohler Robert E
Department of History and Sociology of Science, Suite 303, Logan Hall, 249 South 36th Street, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104-6304, USA.
Isis. 2008 Mar;99(1):28-56. doi: 10.1086/587555.
How are scientists made? How, as young adults, have they discovered a scientific vocation and career? Through formal schooling, typically; but in the field sciences also through practical apprenticeship--through work. This essay presents the story of a frontier farm lad who became a career naturalist as a hired collector of animal specimens in the American West. Family and work are the leitmotifs of Vernon Bailey's story. It was family farming--bringing in the hay and finding the cows--that connected Bailey's love of skilled outdoor work with a desire to know nature scientifically. Traveling and working with professional naturalists, he came to see himself as a professional as well. His socialization was less a replacement than a layering of two identities, family and career.
科学家是如何造就的？作为年轻人，他们是如何发现科学职业的？通常是通过正规教育；但在野外科学领域，也通过实践学徒制——通过工作。本文讲述了一个边疆农场小伙子的故事，他作为美国西部动物标本的雇佣采集者，成为了一名职业博物学家。家庭和工作是弗农·贝利故事的主旋律。正是家庭农场劳作——收割干草和寻找奶牛——将贝利对熟练户外工作的热爱与科学认识自然的愿望联系在了一起。与专业博物学家一起旅行和工作，他也开始将自己视为一名专业人士。他的社会化过程与其说是两种身份的替代，不如说是两种身份的叠加，即家庭身份和职业身份。
