Fei Hao, Grygoruk Anna, Brooks Elizabeth S, Chen Audrey, Krantz David E
Departments of Psychiatry and Neurobiology, Gonda Goldschmied Neuroscience and Genetics Research Center, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA 90095-1761, USA.
Traffic. 2008 Sep;9(9):1425-36. doi: 10.1111/j.1600-0854.2008.00771.x. Epub 2008 May 26.
Vesicular neurotransmitter transporters are required for the storage of all classical and amino acid neurotransmitters in secretory vesicles. Transporter expression can influence neurotransmitter storage and release, and trafficking targets the transporters to different types of secretory vesicles. Vesicular transporters traffic to synaptic vesicles (SVs) as well as large dense core vesicles and are recycled to SVs at the nerve terminal. Some of the intrinsic signals for these trafficking events have been defined and include a dileucine motif present in multiple transporter subtypes, an acidic cluster in the neural isoform of the vesicular monoamine transporter (VMAT) 2 and a polyproline motif in the vesicular glutamate transporter (VGLUT) 1. The sorting of VMAT2 and the vesicular acetylcholine transporter to secretory vesicles is regulated by phosphorylation. In addition, VGLUT1 uses alternative endocytic pathways for recycling back to SVs following exocytosis. Regulation of these sorting events has the potential to influence synaptic transmission and behavior.
囊泡神经递质转运体是所有经典神经递质和氨基酸神经递质储存于分泌囊泡所必需的。转运体的表达可影响神经递质的储存和释放，而转运过程将转运体靶向至不同类型的分泌囊泡。囊泡转运体可转运至突触囊泡（SVs）以及大的致密核心囊泡，并在神经末梢被循环至SVs。这些转运事件的一些内在信号已被确定，包括多种转运体亚型中存在的双亮氨酸基序、囊泡单胺转运体（VMAT）2神经亚型中的酸性簇以及囊泡谷氨酸转运体（VGLUT）1中的多聚脯氨酸基序。VMAT2和囊泡乙酰胆碱转运体向分泌囊泡的分选受磷酸化调节。此外，VGLUT1在胞吐后利用替代的内吞途径循环回到SVs。这些分选事件的调节有可能影响突触传递和行为。
