Palefsky Joel
University of California, San Francisco, 505 Parnassus Avenue, Room M1203, Box 0126, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA.
Curr HIV/AIDS Rep. 2008 May;5(2):78-85. doi: 10.1007/s11904-008-0013-5.
Anal cancer is a rare disease in the general population, but the incidence of anal cancer is higher in certain at-risk groups, such as men who have sex with men (MSM), and immunosuppressed individuals, including those with HIV infection. Among HIV-positive MSM, the incidence of anal cancer may be as high as 10 times greater than current rates of cervical cancer in the general population of women. Anal cancer is associated with human papillomavirus (HPV) infection and may be preceded by high-grade anal intraepithelial neoplasia (HGAIN). HGAIN and anal HPV infection are both highly prevalent in groups at risk for anal cancer. Current issues include determining the effect of antiretroviral therapy on the natural history of HGAIN and the incidence of anal cancer, optimizing diagnostic and therapeutic approaches to HGAIN, and determining the potential for prophylactic HPV vaccines to prevent anal HPV infection and anal cancer in at-risk groups.
肛管癌在普通人群中是一种罕见疾病，但在某些高危人群中，肛管癌的发病率较高，例如男男性行为者（MSM）以及免疫抑制个体，包括感染HIV的人群。在HIV阳性的男男性行为者中，肛管癌的发病率可能比普通女性人群目前的宫颈癌发病率高10倍。肛管癌与人乳头瘤病毒（HPV）感染相关，并且可能 preceded by 高级别肛管上皮内瘤变（HGAIN）。HGAIN和肛管HPV感染在肛管癌高危人群中都非常普遍。当前的问题包括确定抗逆转录病毒疗法对HGAIN自然史和肛管癌发病率的影响，优化针对HGAIN的诊断和治疗方法，以及确定预防性HPV疫苗预防高危人群中肛管HPV感染和肛管癌的潜力。 （注：原文中“preceded by”这里翻译不太准确，可能是有拼写错误，推测应该是“ preceded by”，意思是“先于，在……之前发生” ，完整准确翻译应该是：肛管癌与人乳头瘤病毒（HPV）感染相关，并且可能先于高级别肛管上皮内瘤变（HGAIN）出现。）
