Singh Beer, Saxena Amit, Nigam Anil Kumar, Ganesan Kumaran, Pandey Pratibha
PD Division, Defence R&D Establishment, Jhansi Road, Gwalior 474002, MP, India.
J Hazard Mater. 2009 Jan 30;161(2-3):933-40. doi: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2008.04.076. Epub 2008 Apr 24.
High surface area (887.3m(2)/g) silica nanoparticles were synthesized using aerogel route and thereafter, characterized by N(2)-Brunauer-Emmet-Teller (BET), SEM and TEM techniques. The data indicated the formation of nanoparticles of silica in the size range of 24-75 nm with mesoporous characteristics. Later, these were impregnated with reactive chemicals such as N-chloro compounds, oxaziridines, polyoxometalates, etc., which have already been proven to be effective against sulphur mustard (HD). Thus, developed novel mesoporous reactive sorbents were tested for their self-decontaminating feature by conducting studies on kinetics of adsorptive removal of HD from solution. Trichloroisocyanuric acid impregnated silica nanoparticles (10%, w/w)-based system was found to be the best with least half-life value (t(1/2)=2.8 min) among prepared systems to remove and detoxify HD into nontoxic degradation products. Hydrolysis, dehydrohalogenation and oxidation reactions were found to be the route of degradation of HD over prepared sorbents. The study also inferred that 10% loading of impregnants over high surface area and low density silica nanoparticles enhances the rate of reaction kinetics and seems to be useful in the field of heterogeneous reaction kinetics.
采用气凝胶法合成了高比表面积（887.3m²/g）的二氧化硅纳米颗粒，随后通过N₂-布鲁诺尔-埃米特-泰勒（BET）、扫描电子显微镜（SEM）和透射电子显微镜（TEM）技术对其进行了表征。数据表明形成了尺寸范围为24 - 75nm且具有介孔特性的二氧化硅纳米颗粒。之后，将这些纳米颗粒用诸如N - 氯化合物、氮丙啶、多金属氧酸盐等反应性化学物质进行浸渍，这些物质已被证明对硫芥（HD）有效。因此，通过对从溶液中吸附去除HD的动力学进行研究，测试了所开发的新型介孔反应性吸附剂的自去污特性。在制备的体系中，发现基于三氯异氰尿酸浸渍的二氧化硅纳米颗粒（10%，w/w）的体系最佳，其半衰期值最小（t₁/₂ = 2.8分钟），能够将HD去除并解毒为无毒降解产物。发现水解、脱卤化氢和氧化反应是HD在制备的吸附剂上的降解途径。该研究还推断，在高比表面积和低密度的二氧化硅纳米颗粒上负载10%的浸渍剂可提高反应动力学速率，似乎在多相反应动力学领域有用。
