Kawahara Shigeto, Shinya Takahito
University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602-6205, USA.
Phonetica. 2008;65(1-2):62-105. doi: 10.1159/000130016. Epub 2008 May 28.
In previous studies of Japanese intonational phonology, levels of prosodic constituents above the Major Phrase have not received much attention. This paper argues that at least two prosodic levels exist above the Major Phrase in Japanese. Through a detailed investigation of the intonation of gapping and coordination in Japanese, we argue that each syntactic clause projects its own Intonational Phrase, while an entire sentence constitutes one Utterance. We show that the Intonational Phrase is characterized by tonal lowering, creakiness and a pause in final position, as well as a distinctive large initial rise and pitch reset at its beginning. The Utterance defines a domain of declination, and it is signaled by an even larger initial rise, as well as a phrasal H tone at its right edge. Building on our empirical findings, we discuss several implications for the theory of intonational phonology.
在以往关于日语语调音系学的研究中，高于主要短语的韵律成分层面并未受到太多关注。本文认为，日语中至少存在两个高于主要短语的韵律层面。通过对日语中省略和并列结构语调的详细研究，我们认为每个句法小句投射出自己的语调短语，而整个句子构成一个话语。我们表明，语调短语的特征是音高降低、发嘎吱声以及句末停顿，还有开头明显的大幅音高上升和音高重置。话语定义了一个音高下倾的域，它由更大幅度的起始音高上升以及其右边缘的短语高音调标记。基于我们的实证研究结果，我们讨论了对语调音系学理论的若干影响。
