Mehlman M A
UMDNJ-Robert Wood Johnson Medical Group, Environmental and Community Medicine, Piscataway 08854.
Toxicol Ind Health. 1991 Jan-Mar;7(1-2):53-71. doi: 10.1177/074823379100700103.
In the oil refining and petrochemical industries exposure to cancer-causing asbestos particles, especially during equipment repair and maintenance, is very high. Up to 90% of workers in the oil refining industry had direct and/or indirect contact with asbestos, and more than half of this contact occurred without the use of any kind of precaution, thus these workers are in high risk of developing lung cancer and mesothelioma, both fatal diseases. The hazards include: inadequate health and safety training for both company personnel and workers, failure to inform about the dangers and diseases (cancers) resulting from exposure to asbestos; excessive use of large numbers of untrained and uninformed contract workers; lack of use of protective equipment; and archaeological approaches and responses to repairing asbestos breaks and replacement of asbestos in oil refining facilities. For a better understanding of practices and policies in the oil refining industry, refer to Rachel Scott's Muscle and Blood, in particular the chapter "Oil" (E.P. Dutton, New York, 1974), as well as to an editorial which appeared in the Oil and Gas Journal, April, 1968.
在炼油和石化行业，接触致癌性石棉颗粒的情况非常普遍，尤其是在设备维修和保养期间。炼油行业中高达90%的工人直接和/或间接接触过石棉，且其中一半以上的接触是在未采取任何防护措施的情况下发生的，因此这些工人患肺癌和间皮瘤这两种致命疾病的风险很高。这些危害包括：公司员工和工人的健康与安全培训不足；未告知接触石棉所导致的危险和疾病（癌症）；大量过度使用未经培训且不知情的合同工；缺乏防护设备的使用；以及在炼油设施中对石棉破损进行修复和更换石棉时采用的陈旧方法和应对措施。为了更好地了解炼油行业的做法和政策，请参考瑞秋·斯科特所著的《肌肉与血液》，特别是“石油”一章（E.P. 达顿出版社，纽约，1974年），以及1968年4月发表在《石油和天然气杂志》上的一篇社论。
