Lord S R, Clark R D, Webster I W
School of Community Medicine, University of NSW, Australia.
Age Ageing. 1991 May;20(3):175-81. doi: 10.1093/ageing/20.3.175.
Visual acuity and contrast sensitivity were measured in 95 residents of a hostel for the aged (mean age = 83 years) using a dual-contrast letter chart and the Melbourne Edge Test (MET). Vision (as measured by visual acuity, the MET, low-contrast visual acuity, and difference between high- and low-contrast acuity) decreased significantly with age and all four measures were significantly correlated. Subjects with a clinical eye disorder had poorer vision than those without a disorder although the differences were not significant. Visual acuity and contrast sensitivity were not associated with body sway when subjects were standing on a firm base. However, when the subjects were placed in a situation which provided reduced support (standing on a compliant surface), body sway was associated with poor visual acuity and contrast sensitivity. There was also a difference in contrast sensitivity between those who fell one or more times in a year of follow-up and those who did not fall. It appears that reduced vision may be a predisposing factor to postural imbalance and falls in elderly persons.
使用双对比度字母图表和墨尔本边缘测试（MET）对一家养老院的95名老年人（平均年龄83岁）进行了视力和对比敏感度测量。视力（通过视力、MET、低对比度视力以及高对比度和低对比度视力之间的差异来衡量）随年龄显著下降，并且所有这四项测量指标都显著相关。患有临床眼部疾病的受试者视力比未患疾病的受试者差，尽管差异不显著。当受试者站在坚实的基础上时，视力和对比敏感度与身体摇摆无关。然而，当受试者处于提供较少支撑的情境中（站在顺应性表面上）时，身体摇摆与视力差和对比敏感度低相关。在随访的一年中跌倒一次或多次的人与未跌倒的人之间对比敏感度也存在差异。视力下降似乎可能是老年人姿势不平衡和跌倒的一个诱发因素。
