Effect of nitrogen-mediated changes in alkalinity on pH control and CO(2) supply in intensive microalgal cultures.

The freshwater alga Scenedesmus obliquus was grown in continuous culture at a fixed dilution rate of 0.5/day, but at varying pH in the range 4.17-10.67. The pH was regulated in the range 4.17-7.67 by continuously bubbling 1% CO(2)-enriched air into the cultures and by varying the source of nitrogen (NO(3) (-), NH(4) (+), or urea) in the growth medium, which, in turn, led to changes in culture alkalinity. Culture alkalinity and P(CO(2) ) were the sole determinants of pH. A pH-stat system, together with NO(3) (-) in the medium, was used to regulate the pH in the range 7.92-10.67. Maximum productivity, which occurred at pH 6.6, was dependent on N source only to the extent that culture alkalinity was a function of nitrogen uptake. The results demonstrate that the choice of N is a critical factor in controlling the pH of large-scale algal cultures. NH(4) (+) is a poor source of N because it leads to destruction of culture alkalinity and concomitant growth-inhibiting reductions in pH, whereas NO(3) (-) has an opposite effect, although pH is not so severely affected in this case. Urea is, by far, the most suitable N source for maximizing algal yield when it is supplied in combination with the proper amounts of HCO(3) (-) alkalinity in the growth medium and percent CO(2) in the bubbled gas that will lead to an equilibrium pH near the optimum pH.