Gaworecki Kristen M, Klaine Stephen J
Institute of Environmental Toxicology, Department of Biological Sciences, Clemson University, Pendleton, SC 29670, United States.
Aquat Toxicol. 2008 Jul 30;88(4):207-13. doi: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2008.04.011. Epub 2008 May 2.
Environmental contaminants, including pharmaceuticals, can alter behavior and possibly impact population and community structures. One important behavior that could be impacted is the ability to capture prey. We hypothesized that sublethal fluoxetine exposure may lead to feeding behavior abnormalities in hybrid striped bass (Morone saxatilis x M. chrysops). Fluoxetine is an antidepressant that acts as a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI). A change in serotonin levels affects multiple behaviors including feeding, which is an important aspect in ecological fitness. This research characterized the impact of sublethal fluoxetine exposures on the ability of hybrid striped bass to capture fathead minnows (Pimephales promelas). Bass were exposed to fluoxetine (0.0 microg/l, 23.2+/-6.6, 51.4+/-10.9 and 100.9+/-18.6 microg/l,) for 6 days, followed by a 6-day recovery period in clean water. Brain serotonin activity and the ability of bass to capture prey were measured every third day. Exposed fish exhibited a concentration- and duration-dependent decrease in ability to capture prey. Increased time to capture prey also correlated with decreases in brain serotonin activity. Serotonin activity also decreased in an exposure time- and concentration-dependent manner, maximally inhibited 23.7, 28.0, and 49.1% of control in the low, medium, and high treatments, respectively. Serotonin levels in exposed fish did not recover to control levels during the 6-day recovery period. These results suggest that sublethal exposure to fluoxetine decreases the ability of hybrid striped bass to capture prey and that serotonin can be used as a biomarker of exposure and effect.
包括药物在内的环境污染物会改变行为，并可能影响种群和群落结构。一个可能受到影响的重要行为是捕食能力。我们假设，亚致死剂量的氟西汀暴露可能会导致杂交条纹鲈（条纹鲈×金眼鲈）出现摄食行为异常。氟西汀是一种抗抑郁药，作为选择性5-羟色胺再摄取抑制剂（SSRI）发挥作用。5-羟色胺水平的变化会影响包括摄食在内的多种行为，而摄食是生态适应性的一个重要方面。本研究描述了亚致死剂量的氟西汀暴露对杂交条纹鲈捕食黑头呆鱼（肥头鲦鱼）能力的影响。将鲈鱼暴露于氟西汀（0.0微克/升、23.2±6.6、51.4±10.9和1 hundred point nine±18.6微克/升）中6天，随后在清洁水中恢复6天。每隔三天测量一次鲈鱼的脑5-羟色胺活性和捕食能力。暴露的鱼在捕食能力上呈现出浓度和时间依赖性的下降。捕食猎物时间的增加也与脑5-羟色胺活性的降低相关。5-羟色胺活性也以暴露时间和浓度依赖性方式下降，在低、中、高剂量处理中，分别最大抑制对照的23.7%、28.0%和49.1%。在6天的恢复期内，暴露鱼的5-羟色胺水平未恢复到对照水平。这些结果表明，亚致死剂量的氟西汀暴露会降低杂交条纹鲈的捕食能力，并且5-羟色胺可作为暴露和效应的生物标志物。
