Peng Jian-Feng, Song Yong-Hui, Yuan Peng, Cui Xiao-Yu, Qiu Guang-Lei
Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, 100012 Beijing, China.
J Hazard Mater. 2009 Jan 30;161(2-3):633-40. doi: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2008.04.061. Epub 2008 Apr 24.
Heavy metal contamination has become a worldwide problem through disturbing the normal functions of rivers and lakes. Sediment, as the largest storage and resources of heavy metal, plays a rather important role in metal transformations. This paper provides a review on the geochemical forms, affecting factors and remediation technologies of heavy metal in sediment. The in situ remediation of sediment aims at increasing the stabilization of some metals such as the mobile and the exchangeable fractions; whereas, the ex situ remediation mainly aims at removing those potentially mobile metals, such as the Mn-oxides and the organic matter (OM) fraction. The pH and OM can directly change metals distribution in sediment; however oxidation-reduction potential (ORP), mainly through changing the pH values, indirectly alters metals distribution. Mainly ascribed to their simple operation mode, low costs and fast remediation effects, in situ remediation technologies, especially being fit for slight pollution sediment, are applied widely. However, for avoiding metal secondary pollution from sediment release, ex situ remediation should be the hot point in future research.
重金属污染通过扰乱河流和湖泊的正常功能已成为一个全球性问题。沉积物作为重金属的最大储存库和资源库，在金属转化过程中起着相当重要的作用。本文综述了沉积物中重金属的地球化学形态、影响因素及修复技术。沉积物的原位修复旨在提高某些金属（如可移动和可交换部分）的稳定性；而异位修复主要旨在去除那些潜在可移动的金属，如锰氧化物和有机物质（OM）部分。pH值和OM可以直接改变沉积物中金属的分布；然而，氧化还原电位（ORP）主要通过改变pH值间接改变金属分布。原位修复技术由于其操作模式简单、成本低和修复效果快，特别是适用于轻度污染的沉积物，因而得到广泛应用。然而，为避免沉积物释放造成金属二次污染，异位修复将是未来研究的热点。
