Geiselhardt Sven, Jakobschy Diana, Ockenfels Peter, Peschke Klaus
Institut für Biologie I, Universität Freiburg, Hauptstrasse 1, 79104, Freiburg, Germany.
J Chem Ecol. 2008 Aug;34(8):1065-71. doi: 10.1007/s10886-008-9488-1. Epub 2008 Jun 12.
Males of the desert beetle Parastizopus armaticeps (Pér.) (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae) exhibit a characteristic calling behavior that attracts females by raising the tip of the abdomen, exposing the aedeagus, and remaining in this posture for a few seconds while emitting a pheromone. We collected the pheromone by holding a solid phase microextraction fiber (100 mum polydimethylsiloxane) close to the aedeagus for 5 s and analyzed the volatiles collected by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry. The volatiles consisted of 3-methylphenol (52%), ethyl-1,4-benzoquinone (48%), and 3-ethylphenol (2%). The pheromone originated from the aedeagal glands. In the gland reservoirs, these compounds (2.1%) were mixed with ethyl, isopropyl, and propyl esters of fatty acids (24.2%), and a mixture of hydrocarbons (69.1%). The mean amount of volatiles extracted from gland reservoirs was 0.92 +/- 0.83 microg. Chemo-orientation experiments with a servosphere show that females responded only to the ternary volatile mixture. Females stopped walking, elevated the front parts of their bodies with erected antennae, turned slowly on their own axis, and walked upwind toward the odor source. Single components or binary mixtures did not elicit responses from females. Males did not respond to the pheromone. Evolutionary aspects of this pheromone system are discussed.
沙漠甲虫Parastizopus armaticeps（Pér.）（鞘翅目：拟步甲科）的雄性具有一种独特的求偶行为，即通过抬起腹部尖端、露出阴茎，并在释放信息素的同时保持这种姿势几秒钟来吸引雌性。我们通过将固相微萃取纤维（100μm聚二甲基硅氧烷）靠近阴茎5秒钟来收集信息素，并通过气相色谱/质谱分析收集到的挥发物。挥发物由3-甲基苯酚（52%）、乙基-1,4-苯醌（48%）和3-乙基苯酚（2%）组成。该信息素源自阴茎腺。在腺体储库中，这些化合物（2.1%）与脂肪酸的乙酯、异丙酯和丙酯（24.2%）以及碳氢化合物混合物（69.1%）混合。从腺体储库中提取的挥发物平均量为0.92±0.83微克。使用伺服球进行的化学定向实验表明，雌性仅对三元挥发物混合物有反应。雌性停止行走，竖起触角抬起身体前部，绕自身轴线缓慢转动，并逆风朝气味源走去。单一成分或二元混合物不会引起雌性的反应。雄性对该信息素没有反应。本文讨论了这种信息素系统的进化方面。
