Antonacci Diana J, Bloch Richard M, Saeed Sy Atezaz, Yildirim Yilmaz, Talley Jessica
Department of Psychiatric Medicine, Brody School of Medicine at East Carolina University, Greenville, NC 27834, USA.
Behav Sci Law. 2008;26(3):253-69. doi: 10.1002/bsl.812.
A growing body of literature now suggests that use of telepsychiatry to provide mental health services has the potential to solve the workforce shortage problem that directly affects access to care, especially in remote and underserved areas. Live interactive two-way audio-video communication-videoconferencing-is the modality most applicable to psychiatry and has become synonymous with telepsychiatry involving patient care, distance education, and administration. This article reviews empirical evidence on the use and effectiveness of videoconferencing in providing diagnostic and treatment services in mental health settings that serve child, adolescent, and adult populations. Descriptive reports, case studies, research articles, and randomized controlled trials related to clinical outcomes were identified and reviewed independently by two authors. Articles related to cost-effectiveness, technological issues, or legal or ethical aspects of telepsychiatry were excluded. The review of the evidence broadly covers mental health service provision in all settings, including forensic settings. Given the sparse literature on telepsychiatry in forensic settings, we discuss implications for mental health care across settings and populations and comment on future directions and potential uses in forensic or correctional psychiatry.
现在越来越多的文献表明，使用远程精神病学提供心理健康服务有可能解决直接影响医疗服务可及性的劳动力短缺问题，尤其是在偏远和服务不足的地区。实时交互式双向音频视频通信——视频会议——是最适用于精神病学的方式，并且已成为涉及患者护理、远程教育和行政管理的远程精神病学的代名词。本文综述了关于视频会议在为儿童、青少年和成人提供心理健康诊断和治疗服务中的应用及有效性的实证证据。两位作者独立识别并审查了与临床结果相关的描述性报告、案例研究、研究文章和随机对照试验。排除了与远程精神病学的成本效益、技术问题或法律或伦理方面相关的文章。证据综述广泛涵盖了所有环境中的心理健康服务提供，包括法医环境。鉴于关于法医环境中远程精神病学的文献稀少，我们讨论了跨环境和人群的心理健康护理的影响，并对法医或惩教精神病学的未来方向和潜在用途发表评论。
