Hutchison Mary Anne, Riley Anthony L
Psychopharmacology Laboratory, Department of Psychology, American University, Washington, DC 20016, USA.
Neurotoxicol Teratol. 2008 Sep-Oct;30(5):404-11. doi: 10.1016/j.ntt.2008.04.004. Epub 2008 May 10.
Nicotine is one of the most commonly used drugs in adolescence and has been shown to alter the rewarding effects of cocaine when administered in adulthood. Although the abuse potential of a drug has been suggested to be a balance between its rewarding and aversive effects, the long-term effects of nicotine on the aversive properties of other drugs had not been studied. To that end, in the present study rats exposed to nicotine (0.4 mg/kg) during adolescence (postnatal days 35-44) were tested for the acquisition and extinction of a cocaine-induced conditioned taste aversion (10, 18 or 32 mg/kg) in adulthood. Conditioning consisted of four saccharin-drug pairings followed by six extinction trials. Although cocaine-induced aversions at all doses, no effect of nicotine preexposure was seen during acquisition. During extinction, the nicotine-preexposed groups conditioned with 10 and 18 mg/kg cocaine displayed a decreased rate of extinction compared to their respective controls. These results suggest that while adolescent nicotine exposure does not appear to directly alter the aversive properties of cocaine it may affect other processes related to the response to drugs given in adulthood.
尼古丁是青少年最常用的毒品之一，研究表明，成年后使用尼古丁会改变可卡因的奖赏效应。虽然一种药物的滥用潜力被认为是其奖赏效应和厌恶效应之间的平衡，但尼古丁对其他药物厌恶特性的长期影响尚未得到研究。为此，在本研究中，对青春期（出生后第35 - 44天）接触尼古丁（0.4毫克/千克）的大鼠进行测试，以观察其成年后对可卡因诱导的条件性味觉厌恶（10、18或32毫克/千克）的习得和消退情况。条件反射包括四次糖精 - 药物配对，随后进行六次消退试验。尽管所有剂量的可卡因都能诱导厌恶反应，但在习得过程中未观察到尼古丁预先暴露的影响。在消退过程中，与各自的对照组相比，预先暴露于尼古丁且用10毫克/千克和18毫克/千克可卡因进行条件反射的组显示出消退率降低。这些结果表明，虽然青春期接触尼古丁似乎不会直接改变可卡因的厌恶特性，但它可能会影响与成年后对药物反应相关的其他过程。
