Mackay J M
Asian Consultancy on Tobacco Control, Hong Kong.
IARC Sci Publ. 1991(105):471-6.
In countries where prolonged smoking of manufactured cigarettes is a widely established habit, it is responsible for about 90% of lung cancer. As lung cancer is usually incurable, even with expensive technology, the key to its control lies in prevention. World experience has shown the crucial need for government commitment, funding and action in controlling the epidemic of tobacco-related disease. It is recommended that each country establish a national council of 'tobacco or health' to coordinate a comprehensive tobacco control programme. This programme should incorporate data collection, including evaluation of specific anti-tobacco measures; legislative measures, including strong, rotating health warnings, limits on harmful substances, establishment of smoke-free areas, bans on any new forms of tobacco use, and a total ban on all direct or indirect promotion of tobacco products; health education campaigns; and taxation and price policies. The support and involvement of the medical profession is vital. Obstacles to success include the effect of advertising revenue in silencing the media, the inertia of governments and the medical profession, but most importantly the tobacco industry--the largest, wealthiest, most determined and strongest opposition to tobacco control worldwide.
在那些长期吸食机制卷烟已成为广泛确立的习惯的国家，吸烟导致了约90%的肺癌。由于肺癌通常无法治愈，即便借助昂贵的技术手段也无济于事，因此控制肺癌的关键在于预防。世界经验表明，政府在控制烟草相关疾病流行方面的承诺、资金投入和行动至关重要。建议每个国家设立一个“烟草与健康”全国委员会，以协调全面的烟草控制计划。该计划应包括数据收集，包括对特定控烟措施的评估；立法措施，包括醒目、轮换的健康警示、对有害物质的限制、设立无烟区、禁止任何新形式的烟草使用以及全面禁止所有直接或间接的烟草产品促销活动；健康教育活动；以及税收和价格政策。医疗行业的支持和参与至关重要。成功的障碍包括广告收入对媒体的噤声效应、政府和医疗行业的惰性，但最重要的是烟草行业——全球范围内对烟草控制最庞大、最富有、最坚决且最强大的反对力量。
