Older people, continence care and catheters: dilemmas and resolutions.

Urinary incontinence (UI) is a common problem and has a profound impact on quality of life among older people. There are various nursing interventions and treatments which can improve UI for the majority of people. Catheterization should be considered for specific clinical indications only when other options have been ruled out. Many complications are associated with catheterization, including catheter-associated urinary tract infections (CAUTIs), which are the most common cause of hospital-acquired infections. It is important for nurses and other healthcare professionals to appreciate how catheters produce infection so that appropriate catheter care is used. The best way to avoid CAUTI is to avoid catheterization, whenever possible, and to remove indwelling catheters when they are no longer required. There is a need to raise public awareness about UI and the interventions and treatments available so that more older people seek help. The challenge for nurses is to avoid using catheters and develop alternative approaches to the care of older people with incontinence.