Nelson Jenenne P, Pederson Linda L
University of Colorado at Colorado Springs, Colorado Springs, CO, USA.
Nicotine Tob Res. 2008 May;10(5):775-90. doi: 10.1080/14622200802027123.
Tobacco use remains the number one cause of preventable morbidity and premature death in the United States. As a result, military leaders are recognizing that tobacco can adversely affect military fitness levels, deployment readiness, and safety and can increase health care costs. Yet military members continue to use tobacco. Tobacco may be viewed as part of the military culture since military members have used tobacco for many decades for pleasure, comfort, and currency and as a morale booster. Most recently, the military has seen an increase in tobacco use among young military members. A number of research studies have examined the prevalence of tobacco and factors related to use in the military, and several have evaluated cessation and prevention interventions. This article provides a brief historical perspective of military tobacco use in the 20th century and a critical review of the literature published between 1991 and 2006 describing prevalence of tobacco use, factors influencing use, and cessation interventions in the military. Recommendations for future research and for interventions are provided.
在美国，吸烟仍是可预防发病和过早死亡的首要原因。因此，军事领导人逐渐认识到，吸烟会对军人的健康水平、部署准备情况、安全产生不利影响，并会增加医疗成本。然而，军人仍继续吸烟。由于军人几十年来一直将吸烟作为消遣、慰藉、社交手段以及提振士气的方式，吸烟可能被视为军事文化的一部分。最近，年轻军人中的吸烟率有所上升。一些研究探讨了军队中吸烟的流行情况及相关因素，还有几项研究评估了戒烟和预防干预措施。本文简要回顾了20世纪军队吸烟的历史，并对1991年至2006年间发表的有关军队吸烟流行情况、影响吸烟的因素及戒烟干预措施的文献进行了批判性综述。同时提供了对未来研究和干预措施的建议。
