Aguiló-Ferretjans M M, Bosch R, Martín-Cardona C, Lalucat J, Nogales B
Grup de Microbiologia, Department Biologia, Universitat de les Illes Balears, Palma de Mallorca, Spain.
Syst Appl Microbiol. 2008 Aug;31(3):231-40. doi: 10.1016/j.syapm.2008.04.003. Epub 2008 Jun 24.
The phylogenetic analysis of bacterial communities in environments receiving anthropogenic impact could help us to understand its effects and might be useful in the development of monitoring or management strategies. A study of the composition of 16S rDNA clone libraries prepared from bacterial communities in water samples from a marina and a beach on the coast of Mallorca (W. Mediterranean) was undertaken at two time points, corresponding to periods of maximum and minimum anthropogenic use of this area for nautical and recreational activities. Libraries generated from the marina were significantly different from those from the beach and a non-impacted, bay sample. In the marina, a predominance of sequence types was observed related to bacterioplankton from nutrient-enriched environments or typically associated with phytoplankton, such as certain phylotypes of the Roseobacter clade, OM60 clade and Bacteroidetes. Similar results were found in the summer beach library but not in the winter one, in which there was an increase in the number of clones from oligotrophic groups, in agreement with lower chlorophyll content and bacterial counts. Therefore, nutrient enrichment seemed to be an important driver of the composition of bacterial communities in sites receiving direct human impact. Interesting sequence types from the Cryomorphaceae and group agg58 (Bacteroidetes) were exclusively found in beach libraries, and the reasons for this distribution deserve further study. Clones related to putative hydrocarbon-degrading bacteria of the genus Acinetobacter were observed in the marina, in agreement with a certain degree of pollution at this site. Non-marine sequences belonging to the Actinobacteria predominated over marine groups in the summer library from the marina and, therefore, unusual communities might be transiently present in this enclosed environment. Overall, the composition of the bacterial communities in these environments agreed well with the defining characteristics of the environments sampled.
对受到人为影响的环境中的细菌群落进行系统发育分析，有助于我们了解其影响，并可能有助于制定监测或管理策略。我们对从地中海西部马洛卡海岸一个码头和一个海滩的水样中的细菌群落制备的16S rDNA克隆文库的组成进行了研究，在两个时间点进行采样，分别对应该地区航海和娱乐活动人为使用量最大和最小的时期。从码头生成的文库与从海滩以及一个未受影响的海湾样本生成的文库有显著差异。在码头，观察到与来自营养丰富环境的浮游细菌或通常与浮游植物相关的序列类型占优势，例如玫瑰杆菌属、OM60菌属和拟杆菌门的某些系统发育型。在夏季海滩文库中也发现了类似结果，但冬季文库中未发现，冬季文库中贫营养类群的克隆数量增加，这与较低的叶绿素含量和细菌数量一致。因此，营养富集似乎是受到直接人类影响的地点细菌群落组成的一个重要驱动因素。有趣的是，仅在海滩文库中发现了来自低温菌科和agg58组（拟杆菌门）的序列类型，这种分布的原因值得进一步研究。在码头观察到与不动杆菌属假定的烃降解细菌相关的克隆，这与该地点的一定程度污染相符。在来自码头的夏季文库中，属于放线菌门的非海洋序列比海洋类群占优势，因此，在这个封闭环境中可能会短暂出现异常群落。总体而言，这些环境中细菌群落的组成与所采样环境的定义特征非常吻合。
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