Rhodes Matthew G, Castel Alan D, Jacoby Larry L
Department of Psychology, Colorado State University, fort collins, CO 80523-1876, USA.
Psychol Aging. 2008 Jun;23(2):239-49. doi: 10.1037/0882-7974.23.2.239.
Previous research suggested that older adults have a specific impairment in remembering verbal associative information, but it is unclear how elaboration and familiarity might influence this deficit in situations that involve perceptual processing. In the present experiments, younger and older participants studied male-female pairs of faces. Participants were then administered an associative recognition test consisting of previously studied pairs, pairs that contained previously studied items that were not studied together (i.e., conjunction pairs), and entirely new pairs of faces, and participants were instructed to identify pairs that had been presented together at study. Overall, participants were successful at recognizing previously presented pairs but were highly likely to mistakenly endorse conjunction pairs. This pattern was more pronounced for older adults, especially when items were repeated at encoding. Such data suggest that memory for face pairs relies largely on the familiarity of each face and not on a more precise recollection of associative information. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2008 APA, all rights reserved).
先前的研究表明，老年人在记忆言语联想信息方面存在特定障碍，但尚不清楚在涉及感知加工的情况下，详尽阐述和熟悉程度如何影响这一缺陷。在本实验中，年轻和年长的参与者研究了男女配对的面孔。然后，参与者接受了一项联想识别测试，该测试包括先前研究过的配对、包含先前研究过但未一起研究过的项目的配对（即组合配对）以及全新的面孔配对，并且参与者被要求识别在研究中一起呈现过的配对。总体而言，参与者能够成功识别先前呈现的配对，但极有可能错误地认可组合配对。这种模式在老年人中更为明显，尤其是当项目在编码时重复出现时。这些数据表明，对面孔配对的记忆很大程度上依赖于每张面孔的熟悉程度，而不是对联想信息更精确的回忆。（《心理学文摘数据库记录》（c）2008 美国心理学会，保留所有权利）
