Kaerlev Linda, Jensen Anker, Nielsen Per Sabro, Olsen Jørn, Hannerz Harald, Tüchsen Finn
Research Unit of Maritime Medicine, University of Southern Denmark, Esbjerg, Denmark.
Noise Health. 2008 Apr-Jun;10(39):41-5. doi: 10.4103/1463-1741.40822.
Noise-induced hearing loss (NIHL) is a leading occupational disease and some seafarers and fishermen may be at high risk. We present here standardized hospital contact ratios (SHCRs) for hearing loss among Danish seafarers and fishermen.
Cohorts of all Danish seafarers registered by the Danish Maritime Authority (DMA) and fishermen retrieved from a 1989-1998 pension registry were linked to the nationwide Occupational Hospitalisation Registry (OHR) with follow-up for NIHL from 1994 to 2003, using rates specific for age and calendar time for the entire Danish workforce as a reference.
We found high SHCRs for NIHL: 165 [95% confidence interval (CI) 131-206] among officers, 113 (79-157) for nonofficers and 119 (85-162) for fishermen. The increased SHCR for hearing impairment among seafarers was solely found in engine room personnel (SHCR = 222; 95% CI 178-277). Compared to other seafarers, the engine room personnel had a relative risk ratio of 2.39 (95% CI: 1.74-3.26). Short-term employment is common in many trades. No duration response pattern was observed which may suggest a secondary healthy worker effect.
These findings indicate that hearing problems are frequent among men who work in the engine rooms on ships. Long-term cumulative effects of employment were not shown.
噪声性听力损失(NIHL)是一种主要的职业病,一些海员和渔民可能面临高风险。我们在此呈现丹麦海员和渔民听力损失的标准化医院接触率(SHCRs)。
丹麦海事局(DMA)登记的所有丹麦海员队列以及从1989 - 1998年养老金登记处获取的渔民队列,与全国职业住院登记处(OHR)相链接,以1994年至2003年为NIHL的随访期,使用丹麦全体劳动力按年龄和日历时间的特定比率作为参考。
我们发现NIHL的SHCRs较高:军官中为165[95%置信区间(CI)131 - 206],非军官为113(79 - 157),渔民为119(85 - 162)。海员中听力障碍的SHCR升高仅在机舱人员中发现(SHCR = 222;95% CI 178 - 277)。与其他海员相比,机舱人员的相对风险比为2.39(95% CI:1.74 - 3.26)。短期就业在许多行业很常见。未观察到持续时间反应模式,这可能提示存在健康工人效应。
这些发现表明,在船上机舱工作的男性中听力问题很常见。未显示出就业的长期累积效应。