School of Human Movement Studies, University of Queensland, Brisbane, AUSTRALIA.
Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2008 Jul;40(7):1307-13. doi: 10.1249/MSS.0b013e31816a7188.
To investigate the effects of maximal static apnea on plasma antioxidant status, oxidative stress, and antioxidant enzyme activities in trained free divers.
Blood was taken from apnea-trained (Tr) and control (Con) subjects at baseline (B) and after one (A1), three (A3), and five (A5) apneas. Trolox equivalent antioxidant capacity (TEAC), ferric reducing ability of plasma (FRAP), uric acid, and bilirubin assays assessed plasma antioxidant status and malondialdehyde (MDA) quantified the oxidative stress response. The activities of erythrocyte antioxidant enzymes superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), and catalase (CAT) were determined at baseline and after the fifth apnea.
TEAC was significantly higher in divers versus controls after A1 (P < 0.05). A group effect of SOD activity indicated higher activity throughout the protocol in Tr (mean +/- SD; Con, 43.2 +/- 10.1 U.g Hb; Tr, 50.1 +/- 7.3 U.g Hb; P = 0.04). With no other group differences, the groups' data were combined. Apnea significantly increased SOD (B, 44.1 +/- 11.1 U.g Hb; A5, 48.1 +/- 7.5 U.g Hb; P < 0.05) and GPx activity (B, 60.5 +/- 14.9 U.g Hb; A5, 70.1 +/- 16.0 U.g Hb; P = 0.02); however, CAT activity decreased (B, 5.25 +/- 0.59 U.mg Hb; A5, 5.00 +/- 0.53 U.mg Hb; P = 0.03). MDA was unaffected by apnea (P = 0.32).
Trained free divers have increased SOD activity during apnea; however, there is little difference in their antioxidant and oxidative stress responses compared with controls. In both groups, acute changes in antioxidant enzyme activities suggest that they may protect from excessive antioxidant depletion and oxidative stress during apnea.
研究最大静态屏气对训练有素的自由潜水员血浆抗氧化状态、氧化应激和抗氧化酶活性的影响。
在基线（B）和一次（A1）、三次（A3）和五次（A5）屏气后，从屏气训练（Tr）和对照组（Con）受试者中抽取血液。采用 Trolox 等效抗氧化能力（TEAC）、血浆铁还原能力（FRAP）、尿酸和胆红素测定法评估血浆抗氧化状态，用丙二醛（MDA）定量评估氧化应激反应。在基线和第五次屏气后测定红细胞抗氧化酶超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶（GPx）和过氧化氢酶（CAT）的活性。
与对照组相比，A1 后潜水员的 TEAC 明显更高（P < 0.05）。SOD 活性的组间效应表明，Tr 组在整个方案中活性更高（均值 ± 标准差；Con，43.2 ± 10.1 U.g Hb；Tr，50.1 ± 7.3 U.g Hb；P = 0.04）。两组间无其他差异，将两组数据合并。屏气显著增加 SOD（B，44.1 ± 11.1 U.g Hb；A5，48.1 ± 7.5 U.g Hb；P < 0.05）和 GPx 活性（B，60.5 ± 14.9 U.g Hb；A5，70.1 ± 16.0 U.g Hb；P = 0.02）；然而，CAT 活性下降（B，5.25 ± 0.59 U.mg Hb；A5，5.00 ± 0.53 U.mg Hb；P = 0.03）。MDA 不受屏气影响（P = 0.32）。
训练有素的自由潜水员在屏气期间 SOD 活性增加；然而，与对照组相比，他们的抗氧化和氧化应激反应几乎没有差异。在两组中，抗氧化酶活性的急性变化表明，它们可能在屏气期间防止抗氧化剂过度消耗和氧化应激。
