Richter J D
Bioessays. 1991 Apr;13(4):179-83. doi: 10.1002/bies.950130406.
Early development in many animals is programmed by maternally inherited messenger RNAs. Many of these mRNAs are translationally dormant in immature oocytes, but are recruited onto polysomes during meiotic maturation, fertilization, or early embryogenesis. In contrast, other mRNAs that are translated in oocytes are released from polysomes during these later stages of development. Recent studies have begun to define the cis and trans elements that regulate both translational repression and translational induction of maternal mRNA. The inhibition of translation of some mRNAs during early development is controlled by discrete sequences residing in the 3' and 5' untranslated regions, respectively. The translation of other RNAs is due to polyadenylation which, at least in oocytes of the frog Xenopus laevis, is regulated by a U-rich cytoplasmic polyadenylation element (CPE). Although similar, the CPE sequences of various mRNAs are sufficiently different to be bound by different proteins. Two of these proteins and their interactions are described here.
许多动物的早期发育是由母系遗传的信使核糖核酸（mRNA）编程的。这些mRNA中的许多在未成熟的卵母细胞中处于翻译休眠状态，但在减数分裂成熟、受精或早期胚胎发生过程中被募集到多核糖体上。相反，在卵母细胞中翻译的其他mRNA在发育的后期阶段从多核糖体上释放出来。最近的研究已经开始确定调节母源mRNA翻译抑制和翻译诱导的顺式和反式元件。早期发育过程中某些mRNA翻译的抑制分别由位于3'和5'非翻译区的离散序列控制。其他RNA的翻译则是由于多聚腺苷酸化，至少在非洲爪蟾的卵母细胞中，多聚腺苷酸化是由富含尿嘧啶的细胞质多聚腺苷酸化元件（CPE）调节的。尽管各种mRNA的CPE序列相似，但它们之间的差异足以被不同的蛋白质结合。本文描述了其中的两种蛋白质及其相互作用。
