Hoops Katherine E M, Twiggs Leo B
Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33101, USA.
J Low Genit Tract Dis. 2008 Jul;12(3):181-4. doi: 10.1097/LGT.0b013e31815f98b5.
The human papillomavirus (HPV) family causes a variety of benign, premalignant, and malignant lesions in men and women. HPV types 16 and 18 are responsible for causing 70% of all cases of cervical cancer each year. Recently, a vaccine that can prevent cervical cancer by protecting women from infection with the most common types of HPV has been made available. Following Food and Drug Administration approval and endorsement by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, it is the right and the duty of the state legislatures to implement vaccination programs. This vaccine, a vaccine for a sexually transmitted disease, has stirred a fierce debate. Religion and sexuality have dominated the discussion, and political calculations are inherent to the process; nonetheless, epidemiological analyses are also essential to the decision to mandate the HPV vaccine. HPV vaccine program implementation processes are at many stages in many states, and programs vary widely. Some provide information to families, whereas others allot a range of funding for voluntary vaccination. Virginia is, thus far, the only state to have enacted a mandate. This article discusses the various programs in place, the proposed legislation, and the debate surrounding the political process.
人乳头瘤病毒（HPV）家族可在男性和女性中引发多种良性、癌前和恶性病变。每年，16型和18型HPV导致了70%的宫颈癌病例。最近，一种通过保护女性免受最常见HPV类型感染来预防宫颈癌的疫苗已可供使用。在获得美国食品药品监督管理局批准并得到疾病控制与预防中心认可后，实施疫苗接种计划是州立法机构的权利和职责。这种针对性传播疾病的疫苗引发了激烈的争论。宗教和性取向主导了讨论过程，政治考量也贯穿始终；尽管如此，流行病学分析对于强制接种HPV疫苗的决策同样至关重要。HPV疫苗接种计划在许多州正处于多个阶段，且计划差异很大。一些州向家庭提供信息，而另一些州则为自愿接种分配一定的资金。到目前为止，弗吉尼亚州是唯一颁布强制接种法令的州。本文讨论了现有的各种计划、拟议的立法以及围绕政治进程的争论。
