Martin W H, Ogawa T, Kohrt W M, Malley M T, Korte E, Kieffer P S, Schechtman K B
Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110.
Circulation. 1991 Aug;84(2):654-64. doi: 10.1161/01.cir.84.2.654.
Blood pressure and total peripheral resistance increase with age. However, the effect of age on vasodilatory capacity has not been characterized.
To delineate the effects of aging, gender, and physical training on peripheral vascular function, we measured blood pressure during submaximal and maximal treadmill exercise and measured blood pressure, calf blood flow, and calf conductance (blood flow/mean blood pressure) at rest and during maximal hyperemia in 58 healthy sedentary subjects (men aged 25 +/- 5 and 65 +/- 3 years and women aged 27 +/- 5 and 65 +/- 4 years) and in 52 endurance exercise-trained subjects (men aged 30 +/- 3 and 65 +/- 4 years and women aged 27 +/- 3 and 65 +/- 3 years). Systolic and mean blood pressures were higher at rest, during maximal calf hyperemia, and during submaximal exercise of the same intensity in the older than in the younger subjects of the same gender and exercise training status (p less than 0.01). The magnitude of the age-related effect on blood pressure during exercise was greater in women than in men (p less than 0.01). Diastolic blood pressure during submaximal exercise was also higher in the older than in the younger subjects (p less than 0.05) but not in women treated with estrogen replacement. In contrast, systolic and mean blood pressures during submaximal work were lower in physically conditioned subjects than in sedentary age- and gender-matched subjects (p less than 0.05) but not in older women. Increased age was associated with reduced maximal calf conductance in women (p less than 0.01) but not in men. However, calf vasodilatory capacity was higher in trained than in untrained subjects (p less than 0.01), regardless of age and gender. There was a significant inverse relation between maximal calf conductance and systolic, diastolic, and mean blood pressures during submaximal exercise (r = -0.31 to -0.53, p less than 0.01) and a direct relation between maximal calf conductance and maximal oxygen uptake (r = 0.66, p less than 0.0001).
Thus, for healthy subjects between the ages of 25 and 65 years, there is an interactive effect between age and gender and an independent effect of physical training on peripheral vascular function.
血压和总外周阻力随年龄增长而升高。然而，年龄对血管舒张能力的影响尚未明确。
为了阐明衰老、性别和体育锻炼对外周血管功能的影响，我们测量了58名健康久坐不动的受试者（年龄在25±5岁和65±3岁的男性以及年龄在27±5岁和65±4岁的女性）和52名耐力运动训练的受试者（年龄在30±3岁和65±4岁的男性以及年龄在27±3岁和65±3岁的女性）在次极量和极量跑步机运动期间的血压，并在静息状态和最大充血状态下测量了血压、小腿血流量和小腿传导率（血流量/平均血压）。在相同性别和运动训练状态下，老年受试者在静息、最大小腿充血和相同强度的次极量运动期间的收缩压和平均血压均高于年轻受试者（p<0.01）。运动期间年龄对血压的影响程度在女性中大于男性（p<0.01）。次极量运动期间，老年受试者的舒张压也高于年轻受试者（p<0.05），但接受雌激素替代治疗的女性除外。相比之下，有体育锻炼的受试者在次极量运动期间的收缩压和平均血压低于年龄和性别匹配的久坐不动的受试者（p<0.05），但老年女性除外。年龄增加与女性最大小腿传导率降低相关（p<0.01），而与男性无关。然而，无论年龄和性别，训练有素的受试者的小腿血管舒张能力高于未训练的受试者（p<0.01）。次极量运动期间最大小腿传导率与收缩压、舒张压和平均血压之间存在显著负相关（r=-0.31至-0.53，p<0.01），最大小腿传导率与最大摄氧量之间存在正相关（r=0.66，p<0.0001）。
因此，对于年龄在25至65岁之间的健康受试者，年龄和性别之间存在交互作用，体育锻炼对外周血管功能有独立影响。
