Allan S A, Phillips J S, Sonenshine D E
Department of Biological Sciences, Old Dominion University, Norfolk, VA 23508.
Exp Appl Acarol. 1991 Apr;11(1):9-21. doi: 10.1007/BF01193725.
Amblyomma americanum and A. maculatum were studied to determine if genital sex pheromones were present, as reported in Dermacentor species. Chemical analysis of methanol extracts of the anterior reproductive tracts (source of the genital sex pheromone) of A. americanum and A. maculatum confirmed the presence of the same fatty acids that act as components of the genital sex pheromone in Dermacentor variabilis and D. andersoni. In both Amblyomma species, removal of the anterior reproductive-tract of fed females eliminated the male copulatory response. For A. americanum, use of anterior reproductive tract extracts made with water, methanol, ether and hexane elicited significant probing and copulatory responses by conspecific males. However, in A. maculatum, use of anterior reproductive-tract extracts made with water, methanol, ether, chloroform:methanol (4:1), hexane and pentane did not restore mating response by males. Treatment with known components of Dermacentor genital sex pheromones elicited weak but significant responses in A. americanum, but did not restore male mating responses in A. maculatum. These results indicate that genital sex pheromones exist in A. americanum and are not restricted to the genus Dermacentor. Characteristics of the Amblyomma genital sex pheromone, however, do differ considerably from those in Dermacentor. No genital sex pheromone was present in A. maculatum.
对美洲钝眼蜱和斑点钝眼蜱进行了研究，以确定是否存在如在革蜱属物种中所报道的生殖器性信息素。对美洲钝眼蜱和斑点钝眼蜱前生殖道（生殖器性信息素的来源）的甲醇提取物进行化学分析，证实了存在与变异革蜱和安氏革蜱中作为生殖器性信息素成分相同的脂肪酸。在这两种钝眼蜱物种中，去除饱血雌蜱的前生殖道消除了雄蜱的交配反应。对于美洲钝眼蜱，用水、甲醇、乙醚和己烷制备的前生殖道提取物引发了同种雄蜱明显的探究和交配反应。然而，在斑点钝眼蜱中，用水、甲醇、乙醚、氯仿：甲醇（4:1）、己烷和戊烷制备的前生殖道提取物未能恢复雄蜱的交配反应。用革蜱生殖器性信息素的已知成分进行处理，在美洲钝眼蜱中引发了微弱但显著的反应，但在斑点钝眼蜱中未能恢复雄蜱的交配反应。这些结果表明美洲钝眼蜱中存在生殖器性信息素，且不限于革蜱属。然而，钝眼蜱生殖器性信息素的特征与革蜱属中的特征有很大差异。斑点钝眼蜱中不存在生殖器性信息素。
