Elbaz Alexis, Moisan Frédéric
INSERM, U708, Paris, F-75013, France.
Curr Opin Neurol. 2008 Aug;21(4):454-60. doi: 10.1097/WCO.0b013e3283050461.
In the past 18 months, several important studies on the epidemiology of Parkinson's disease have been published. In particular, large cohorts have identified sufficient incident patients with Parkinson's disease to study risk or protective factors of Parkinson's disease; one of the important recent events in the field is the publication of some of their findings.
We will first review findings of descriptive studies on the frequency of the disease and its geographic or temporal distribution. We will then summarize the findings of analytical studies dealing with risk or protective factors in the fields of dietary and lifestyle factors (cigarette smoking, coffee and tea drinking, uric acid, dairy products), environmental exposures (pesticides, lead, manganese, welding), hormonal factors (oophorectomy), vascular risk factors (diabetes, hypertension, cholesterol level), pharmacoepidemiology (NSAIDs, statins), and familial aggregation.
Epidemiologic studies have consistently found that some exposures are inversely (e.g., cigarette smoking) or positively associated with Parkinson's disease (e.g., pesticides), while their findings are, at the present time, less consistent for other exposures (e.g., NSAIDs, vascular risk factors). Finally, recent studies have investigated new research fields (e.g., hormonal factors, uric acid, pharmacoepidemiology) and additional data need to be collected.
在过去18个月里，发表了几项关于帕金森病流行病学的重要研究。特别是，大型队列研究已经确定了足够数量的帕金森病新发病例，用于研究帕金森病的风险因素或保护因素；该领域最近的一个重要事件是公布了其中一些研究结果。
我们将首先回顾关于该疾病发病率及其地理或时间分布的描述性研究结果。然后，我们将总结分析性研究的结果，这些研究涉及饮食和生活方式因素（吸烟、喝咖啡和茶、尿酸、乳制品）、环境暴露（农药、铅、锰、焊接）、激素因素（卵巢切除术）、血管危险因素（糖尿病、高血压、胆固醇水平）、药物流行病学（非甾体抗炎药、他汀类药物）以及家族聚集性等领域的风险或保护因素。
流行病学研究一直发现，某些暴露因素与帕金森病呈负相关（如吸烟）或正相关（如接触农药），而目前对于其他暴露因素（如非甾体抗炎药、血管危险因素）的研究结果则不太一致。最后，最近的研究探讨了新的研究领域（如激素因素、尿酸、药物流行病学），还需要收集更多数据。
