Energy expenditure of cycle rickshaw pullers in different places in India.

The cycle rickshaw is a popular transportation device. The aim of the study was to assess workload of cycle rickshaw pullers--physiological and subjective at four different places in India. Subjects were instructed to pull a cycle rickshaw with two passengers, for 20 min. Working and recovery heart rates were recorded. The mean values of energy expenditure of pulling a cycle rickshaw varied from 23.5 +/- 2.66 to 25.35 +/- 1.51 kJ/min. Relative cardiac strain and cardiac cost indicated that the job is 'heavy' to 'very heavy'. Subjective assessment of workload was 'heavy' to 'very heavy'. The combined workload assessed from physiological parameters and subjective assessment indicated that the job could be categorised as 'heavy' to 'very heavy' at all the places studied and needs to be reduced by redesigning the structural and functional components of the cycle rickshaw. The rickshaw pullers carry out the jobs many times per day, sometimes without proper rest pauses between trips. The outcome of the research project is beneficial for cycle rickshaw pullers, health administrators as well as manufacturers of cycle rickshaws. Primarily, the manufacturers would be able to use the data for producing a newer model of cycle rickshaw, which would require less energy to drive. The health administrators would be able to take policy decisions for administering better health care for the unorganised and underprivileged workers. The pullers could be guided into taking care of their health by improving their work practice, i.e. taking a sufficient rest pause between trips.