Kjaer M A, Todorcević M, Torstensen B E, Vegusdal A, Ruyter B
Nofima, NO-1432, As, Norway.
Lipids. 2008 Sep;43(9):813-27. doi: 10.1007/s11745-008-3208-z. Epub 2008 Jul 10.
Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) (90 g) were fed four different diets for 21 weeks (final weight 344 g). The levels of n-3 highly unsaturated fatty acids (HUFA) ranged from 11% of the total fatty acids (FA) in the low n-3 diet to 21% in the intermediate n-3 diet, to 55 and 58% in the high n-3 diets. The high n-3 diets were enriched with either docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) or eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA). Increasing dietary levels of n-3 HUFA led to increasing percentages (from 31 to 52%) of these FA in liver lipids. The group fed the highest level of DHA had higher expressions of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) beta and the FA beta-oxidation genes acyl-CoA oxidase (ACO) and carnitine palmitoyltransferase (CPT)-II, compared to the low n-3 groups. The high n-3 groups had reduced activity of mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase and beta-oxidation capacity, together with increased activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and caspase-3 activities. In the group fed the highest level of n-3 HUFA, decreased percentages of major phospholipids (PL) in the mitochondrial and microsomal membranes of the liver were also apparent. The percentage of mitochondrial cardiolipin (Ptd(2)Gro) was 3.1 in the highest n-3 group compared to 6.6 in the intermediate group. These data clearly show an increased incidence of oxidative stress in the liver of fish fed the high n-3 diets.
将90克大西洋鲑鱼（Salmo salar）投喂四种不同的饲料，为期21周（最终体重344克）。n-3高度不饱和脂肪酸（HUFA）的含量范围从低n-3饲料中占总脂肪酸（FA）的11%，到中等n-3饲料中的21%，再到高n-3饲料中的55%和58%。高n-3饲料分别富含二十二碳六烯酸（DHA）或二十碳五烯酸（EPA）。日粮中n-3 HUFA水平的增加导致肝脏脂质中这些脂肪酸的百分比增加（从31%增加到52%）。与低n-3组相比，饲喂最高水平DHA的组过氧化物酶体增殖物激活受体（PPAR）β以及脂肪酸β-氧化基因酰基辅酶A氧化酶（ACO）和肉碱棕榈酰转移酶（CPT）-II的表达更高。高n-3组线粒体细胞色素c氧化酶活性和β-氧化能力降低，同时超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）活性和半胱天冬酶-3活性增加。在饲喂最高水平n-3 HUFA的组中，肝脏线粒体和微粒体膜中主要磷脂（PL）的百分比也明显降低。最高n-3组中线粒体心磷脂（Ptd(2)Gro）的百分比为3.1，而中间组为6.6。这些数据清楚地表明，饲喂高n-3饲料的鱼肝脏中氧化应激的发生率增加。
