Funkhouser A, Steinhoff M C, Ward J
Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland.
Rev Infect Dis. 1991 May-Jun;13 Suppl 6:S542-54. doi: 10.1093/clinids/13.supplement_6.s542.
Haemophilus influenzae is one of the leading causes of severe bacterial infection in children of developing regions, causing 30% of the cases of culture-positive pneumonia and 20%-60% of the cases of bacterial meningitis. In infants and children, the majority of isolates from cerebrospinal fluid and blood and 16%-38% of pulmonary isolates are H. influenzae type b. The availability of several new polysaccharide-protein conjugate vaccines for the prevention of invasive disease due to H. influenzae type b prompts this review of the epidemiology of H. influenzae disease in the developing world and of the characteristics of current H. influenzae type b vaccines. To develop a strategy for use of H. influenzae type b vaccines in developing countries, the following data are needed: the age-specific attack rates of H. influenzae type b disease and the immunogenicity and efficacy of these vaccines in young infants in developing countries. Should H. influenzae type b vaccines prove to be inadequate for the prevention of H. influenzae pneumonia, the use of non-type b H. influenzae vaccines may be necessary.
流感嗜血杆菌是发展中地区儿童严重细菌感染的主要病因之一，导致30%的培养阳性肺炎病例以及20% - 60%的细菌性脑膜炎病例。在婴幼儿中，脑脊液和血液中分离出的大多数菌株以及肺部分离出的16% - 38%的菌株为b型流感嗜血杆菌。有几种新型多糖蛋白结合疫苗可用于预防b型流感嗜血杆菌引起的侵袭性疾病，这促使人们对发展中世界流感嗜血杆菌疾病的流行病学以及当前b型流感嗜血杆菌疫苗的特性进行综述。为制定在发展中国家使用b型流感嗜血杆菌疫苗的策略，需要以下数据：b型流感嗜血杆菌疾病的年龄特异性发病率以及这些疫苗在发展中国家幼儿中的免疫原性和效力。如果b型流感嗜血杆菌疫苗被证明不足以预防流感嗜血杆菌肺炎，可能有必要使用非b型流感嗜血杆菌疫苗。
