Molarius Anu, Tegelberg Ake, Ohrvik John
Västmanland County Council, Department of Community Medicine, Västerås, Sweden.
Headache. 2008 Nov-Dec;48(10):1426-37. doi: 10.1111/j.1526-4610.2008.01178.x. Epub 2008 Jul 1.
To study the association between socio-economic factors, lifestyle habits, and self-reported recurrent headache/migraine (RH/M) in a general population.
The study population comprised a random sample of men and women aged 18-79 years. The data were obtained using a postal survey questionnaire during March-May 2000. The overall response rate was 65%. The area investigated covers 58 municipalities with about one million inhabitants in central part of Sweden. The study is based on 43,770 respondents. Odds ratios for RH/M were calculated for a set of variables using multiple logistic regression models.
The overall prevalence of self-reported RH/M during the last 3 months was 10% among men and 23% among women and decreased with increasing age. Physically inactive subjects were more likely to suffer from headache disorders than physically active subjects. Smoking was only moderately associated with RH/M. There was an inverse relationship between heavy alcohol use and RH/M. Underweight and obesity were not associated with headache disorders when adjusted for socio-economic factors. Subjects with frequent economic problems had almost twice the risk of RH/M compared with subjects with no economic problems. Poor social support was associated with headache disorders and subjects who had been belittled during the last 3 months were more than twice as likely to suffer from RH/M as subjects who had not been belittled. The effect of educational level was modest. Marital status and country of origin were not associated with headache disorders after adjustment for other socio-economic factors. Dissatisfaction with work, worry about losing one's job, and absenteeism due to illness were strongly associated with headache disorders. Physical working conditions and working hours were not associated with RH/M.
Headache disorders mainly affect young and middle-aged adults. There are, however, socio-economic disparities in self-reported recurrent headache and migraine. The relationship was particularly evident for economic hardship and psychosocial factors. Of lifestyle factors, physical inactivity was strongly associated with headache disorders independent of economic and psychosocial factors.
研究一般人群中社会经济因素、生活方式习惯与自我报告的复发性头痛/偏头痛（RH/M）之间的关联。
研究人群包括18 - 79岁的男性和女性随机样本。数据于2000年3月至5月通过邮政调查问卷获取。总体回复率为65%。调查区域覆盖瑞典中部58个市镇，约有100万居民。该研究基于43770名受访者。使用多元逻辑回归模型计算一组变量的RH/M比值比。
在过去3个月中，自我报告的RH/M总体患病率在男性中为10%，在女性中为23%，且随年龄增长而降低。身体不活动的受试者比身体活动的受试者更容易患头痛疾病。吸烟与RH/M仅呈中度关联。大量饮酒与RH/M呈负相关。在调整社会经济因素后，体重过轻和肥胖与头痛疾病无关。经常有经济问题的受试者患RH/M的风险几乎是没有经济问题受试者的两倍。社会支持差与头痛疾病有关，在过去3个月中受到贬低的受试者患RH/M的可能性是未受贬低受试者的两倍多。教育水平的影响较小。在调整其他社会经济因素后，婚姻状况和原籍国与头痛疾病无关。对工作不满意、担心失业以及因病缺勤与头痛疾病密切相关。身体工作条件和工作时间与RH/M无关。
头痛疾病主要影响中青年成年人。然而，在自我报告的复发性头痛和偏头痛方面存在社会经济差异。这种关系在经济困难和心理社会因素方面尤为明显。在生活方式因素中，身体不活动与头痛疾病密切相关，独立于经济和心理社会因素。
