巨细胞病毒免疫逃逸

Cytomegalovirus immune evasion.

作者信息

Powers C, DeFilippis V, Malouli D, Früh K

机构信息

Vaccine and Gene Therapy Institute, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR 97201, USA.

出版信息

Curr Top Microbiol Immunol. 2008;325:333-59. doi: 10.1007/978-3-540-77349-8_19.

DOI:10.1007/978-3-540-77349-8_19

PMID:18637515

Abstract

Human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) has become a paradigm for viral immune evasion due to its unique multitude of immune-modulatory strategies. HCMV modulates the innate as well as adaptive immune response at every step of its life cycle. It dampens the induction of antiviral interferon-induced genes by several mechanisms. Further striking is the multitude of genes and strategies devoted to modulating and escaping the cellular immune response. Several genes are independently capable of inhibiting antigen presentation to cytolytic T cells by downregulating MHC class I. Recent data revealed an astounding variety of methods in triggering or inhibiting activatory and inhibitory receptors found on NK cells, NKT cells, T cells as well as auxiliary cells of the immune system. The multitude and complexity of these mechanisms is fascinating and continues to reveal novel insights into the host-pathogen interaction and novel cell biological and immunological concepts.

摘要

人类巨细胞病毒（HCMV）凭借其独特的多种免疫调节策略，已成为病毒免疫逃逸的典范。HCMV在其生命周期的每个阶段都会调节固有免疫和适应性免疫反应。它通过多种机制抑制抗病毒干扰素诱导基因的诱导。更引人注目的是，有众多基因和策略致力于调节和逃避细胞免疫反应。几个基因能够通过下调MHC I类分子，独立抑制向细胞毒性T细胞的抗原呈递。最近的数据显示，在触发或抑制自然杀伤细胞、自然杀伤T细胞、T细胞以及免疫系统辅助细胞上发现的激活和抑制性受体方面，存在着惊人的多种方法。这些机制的多样性和复杂性令人着迷，并不断揭示出关于宿主 - 病原体相互作用以及新的细胞生物学和免疫学概念的新颖见解。