Nguyen Nghi M, Conrady Christopher D
Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA.
Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA.
Microorganisms. 2024 Dec 5;12(12):2513. doi: 10.3390/microorganisms12122513.
Infectious retinitis, though rare, poses a significant threat to vision, often leading to severe and irreversible damage. Various pathogens, including viruses, bacteria, tick-borne agents, parasites, and fungi, can cause this condition. Among these, necrotizing herpetic retinitis represents a critical spectrum of retinal infections primarily caused by herpes viruses such as varicella-zoster virus (VZV), herpes simplex virus (HSV), and cytomegalovirus (CMV). This review underscores the retina's susceptibility to viral infections, focusing on the molecular mechanisms through which herpetic viruses invade and damage retinal tissue, supported by clinical and preclinical evidence. We also identify existing knowledge gaps and propose future research directions to deepen our understanding and improve therapeutic outcomes.
感染性视网膜炎虽然罕见，但对视功能构成重大威胁，常导致严重且不可逆的损害。包括病毒、细菌、蜱传病原体、寄生虫和真菌在内的各种病原体均可引发此病。其中，坏死性疱疹性视网膜炎是视网膜感染的一个关键类型，主要由水痘 - 带状疱疹病毒（VZV）、单纯疱疹病毒（HSV）和巨细胞病毒（CMV）等疱疹病毒引起。本综述强调了视网膜对病毒感染的易感性，重点关注疱疹病毒侵袭和损害视网膜组织的分子机制，并辅以临床和临床前证据。我们还识别了现有的知识空白，并提出了未来的研究方向，以加深我们的理解并改善治疗效果。
