Livesley W John
Department of Psychiatry, University of British Columbia, 2255 Wesbrook Mall, Vancouver, B.C., Canada.
Psychiatr Clin North Am. 2008 Sep;31(3):545-59, ix. doi: 10.1016/j.psc.2008.03.014.
An examination of current research trends needs to consider both the prerequisites for research and the specific research directions needed to arrive at a more systematic understanding of the etiology, development, course, and treatment of personality disorder. Important prerequisites are improved phenotypes and more sophisticated research designs to explicate mechanisms specific to the various patterns of personality disorder. Specific research themes with promise are systematic studies of gene-environment interplay, investigations of biological substrates, and longitudinal studies capable of generating information on how the different domains of personality pathology change over time. There also needs to be a new generation of treatment research that is less concerned with comparing the outcome of treatments that often seem modest in effects and limited in scope and more concerned with identifying the most effective treatment methods for each domain of psychopathology. Along with these developments it is also important that research pays more attention to how the integrative processes within personality become dysfunctional in personality disorder.
对当前研究趋势的审视需要考虑研究的先决条件以及为更系统地理解人格障碍的病因、发展、病程和治疗所需的具体研究方向。重要的先决条件是改进的表型和更复杂的研究设计，以阐明各种人格障碍模式特有的机制。有前景的具体研究主题包括对基因 - 环境相互作用的系统研究、对生物学基础的研究，以及能够生成关于人格病理学不同领域如何随时间变化的信息的纵向研究。还需要新一代的治疗研究，其较少关注比较那些往往效果有限且范围受限的治疗结果，而更多关注为精神病理学的每个领域确定最有效的治疗方法。随着这些进展，研究更加关注人格中的整合过程在人格障碍中如何功能失调也很重要。
