Denis M, Rose V, Huneau-Salaün A, Balaine L, Salvat G
French Agency for Food Safety, Research Laboratory on Poultry, Swine and Fish, BP53, 22440 Ploufragan, France.
Poult Sci. 2008 Aug;87(8):1662-71. doi: 10.3382/ps.2008-00010.
In 2003 to 2004, 26 free-range broilers flocks excreting Campylobacter were studied for identification of Campylobacter species and genotype diversity. Seventeen flocks were sampled at the end of the indoor rearing period and 9 before departure to the slaughterhouse after access to an open area. Out of 513 isolates, 315 were identified as Campylobacter jejuni and 198 as Campylobacter coli. Pulsed-field gel electrophoresis analysis revealed 35 genotypes for C. jejuni and 43 genotypes for C. coli; 38.4% of the isolates were clustered into 16 genetic groups. This kind of poultry production system is characterized by a large number of Campylobacter coli isolates. Flocks sampled during the indoor phase were predominantly contaminated by C. jejuni, whereas those sampled during warm months were predominantly contaminated by C. coli. The Campylobacter population was genetically highly diverse: multiple genotypes were detected in a single flock. Six flocks were each found to harbor a mixture of genotypes; these isolates were genetically closely related and were grouped into clusters of at least 80% genetic similarity. Isolates with genotypes found in different flocks and strains, but sharing the same genetic clusters, were detected in different farms and at different times in the year. Flocks sampled during the indoor rearing period and when farmers use fresh farm-made litter were associated with a small number of clusters. In conclusion, Campylobacter species were genetically highly diverse. Our findings suggest the presence of genomic rearrangements in Campylobacter colonizing the chick intestine and that some Campylobacter strains are adapted to poultry. In addition, the species diversity in the flocks was affected by season and cloistering measures. Litter and exposure to an open area were likely sources of flock Campylobacter contamination.
2003年至2004年，对26个排出弯曲杆菌的放养肉鸡群进行了研究，以鉴定弯曲杆菌的种类和基因型多样性。17个鸡群在室内饲养期结束时采样，9个鸡群在进入开放区域后前往屠宰场之前采样。在513株分离株中，315株被鉴定为空肠弯曲杆菌，198株为结肠弯曲杆菌。脉冲场凝胶电泳分析显示，空肠弯曲杆菌有35种基因型，结肠弯曲杆菌有43种基因型；38.4%的分离株被聚类为16个遗传组。这种家禽生产系统的特点是结肠弯曲杆菌分离株数量众多。室内阶段采样的鸡群主要被空肠弯曲杆菌污染，而温暖月份采样的鸡群主要被结肠弯曲杆菌污染。弯曲杆菌种群在基因上高度多样：在单个鸡群中检测到多种基因型。发现有6个鸡群各自含有基因型混合物；这些分离株在基因上密切相关，被归为遗传相似性至少为80%的簇。在不同鸡群和菌株中发现但共享相同遗传簇的基因型分离株，在不同农场和一年中的不同时间被检测到。在室内饲养期采样的鸡群以及农民使用新鲜农家垫料时，与少量簇相关。总之，弯曲杆菌种类在基因上高度多样。我们的研究结果表明，在定殖于雏鸡肠道的弯曲杆菌中存在基因组重排，并且一些弯曲杆菌菌株适应了家禽。此外，鸡群中的种类多样性受季节和圈养措施影响。垫料和接触开放区域可能是鸡群弯曲杆菌污染的来源。
